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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Intestinal Dysbiosis: 2nd Edition
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Intestinal Dysbiosis: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Gut Microbiota".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2026 | Viewed by 4844

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Merra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: microbiota; microbiome; leaky gut; diet; inflammation; obesity; microbes; bacteria
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is a continuation of our 2023 Special Issue, entitled "Intestinal Dysbiosis".

The human gut flora is a highly diverse ecosystem of trillions of bacteria that live in our digestive tract and is often referred to as the microbiota or gut flora but is colloquially categorized into "good" or "bad" bacteria. As the name suggests, good bacteria help protect our health while bad bacteria harm us. When the balance between good and bad bacteria is "off balance," it is known as dysbiosis.

Dysbiosis is associated with multiple systemic diseases. For example, an imbalance of intestinal flora can cause irritable bowel syndrome. Imbalances in the gut microbiota contribute to the development or progression of a range of rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic sclerosis, Sjogren's Syndrome, etc., by affecting the balance between the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune responses. The gut flora interacts bidirectionally with the nervous system via the flora–gut–brain axis. At present, research on gut microbiota is still in its infancy, and there are relatively few studies on causality and mechanisms. This Special Issue welcomes original research articles and review articles related to recent discoveries concerning the interactions between intestinal dysbiosis and diseases.

Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Merra
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gut flora
  • intestinal flora
  • dysbiosis
  • inflammatory bowel diseases
  • leaky gut

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 691 KB  
Article
Evaluation of Faecal Microbiota Following Probiotics in Infants of Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Trial: Protocol for Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial
by Gayatri Athalye-Jape, Chandra Prakash Rath, Harshad Panchal, Archita Mishra, Dorothy Graham and Sanjay Patole
Microorganisms 2025, 13(1), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13010112 - 8 Jan 2025
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2449
Abstract
(1) Background: The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is rising globally. The current evidence indicates that GDM, especially in conjunction with maternal overweight, can alter the composition of infants’ gut microbiota, potentially increasing the risk of inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurodevelopmental [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is rising globally. The current evidence indicates that GDM, especially in conjunction with maternal overweight, can alter the composition of infants’ gut microbiota, potentially increasing the risk of inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurodevelopmental issues later in life. Probiotic supplantation early in life might establish eubiosis and mitigate future complications. To best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated the effects of probiotics on gut dysbiosis in the infants of mothers with GDM. (2) Methods: This study will be a single-centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial enrolling sixty neonates born after 35 weeks of gestation to mothers with GDM. The participants will be randomly assigned to receive either a triple-strain probiotic or a placebo for four months. The primary objective is to assess the effectiveness of probiotic supplementation in correcting gut dysbiosis in the infants of mothers with GDM at four months of age. Faecal microbiome composition shall be estimated using 16SrRNA and shotgun sequencing. The secondary outcomes will include the quantification of faecal short-chain fatty acids at birth and at four months, as well as growth and developmental assessments at four, twelve, and twenty-four months. (3) Trial registration: This trial protocol is registered (ACTRN12624000930583p) in the Australian Clinical Trials registry (ANZCTR). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intestinal Dysbiosis: 2nd Edition)
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Review

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26 pages, 835 KB  
Review
Gut Microbiome Health in Farm Animals and Fish: Implications for Human Health and the Risk of Gastrointestinal Diseases
by Andrada Ihuț, Camelia Răducu, Mirela Ranta, Andreea Andrecan and Paul Uiuiu
Microorganisms 2026, 14(2), 447; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14020447 - 12 Feb 2026
Viewed by 640
Abstract
The gut microbiome is central to immune, metabolic, and gastrointestinal health across species. Dysbiosis disrupts microbial communities and is linked to inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and other immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorders. This review addresses the central question of how diet- and environment-driven gut [...] Read more.
The gut microbiome is central to immune, metabolic, and gastrointestinal health across species. Dysbiosis disrupts microbial communities and is linked to inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and other immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorders. This review addresses the central question of how diet- and environment-driven gut dysbiosis in farm animals and fish is transmitted through the food chain to influence human gastrointestinal health within a One Health framework. This review synthesizes recent evidence within the One Health framework, focusing on how diet- and environment-induced dysbiosis in farm animals and fish can influence human gastrointestinal health via the food chain. We highlight mechanisms of immune modulation, alterations in food products, and the risks of pathogen transmission and antimicrobial resistance. An important limitation of the current body of evidence is the lack of studies that comprehensively trace the proposed axis from animal gut dysbiosis to human health outcomes. Emerging interventions, including precision nutrition, probiotics, and microbiota-targeted therapies, show potential for restoring microbial balance, though translating these findings into clinical practice remains challenging. By integrating human, veterinary, and environmental perspectives, this work proposes a novel cross-species microbiome–diet–immune framework to guide future research and interventions, advancing One Health strategies for disease prevention, antimicrobial resistance mitigation, and sustainable gastrointestinal health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intestinal Dysbiosis: 2nd Edition)
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