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Microorganisms
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Gut Microbiota-Host Interactions under Inflammatory Conditions
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Gut Microbiota-Host Interactions under Inflammatory Conditions

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Gut Microbiota".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 9648

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Merra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
Interests: microbiota; microbiome; leaky gut; diet; inflammation; obesity; microbes; bacteria
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

The gut microbiota is an integral part of the human body, and comprises bacteria, fungi, archaea, and protozoa. There is consensus that the disruption of the gut microbiota (termed “gut dysbiosis”) is influenced by host genetics, diet, antibiotics, and inflammation, and it is closely linked to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as obesity, among others.

Inflammation is a normal physiological response of the body to foreign pathogen invasion, and plays two conflicting roles in human health. On the one hand, inflammation is the body’s automatic defense response, which also promotes wound healing. On the other hand, excessive inflammatory response results in a series of diseases such as obesity.

The gut microbiota and its metabolites may regulate the host inflammatory conditions. Numerous studies have linked the gut microbiota to inflammatory diseases and demonstrated that the immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), multiple sclerosis (MS), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) change the composition of the gut microbiota. In addition, there are abundant reports highlighting the role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as asthma, type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and obesity.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to investigate the correlation between the gut microbiota and inflammatory states, in consideration of the fact that further studies and discoveries could be revolutionary and modify the therapeutic approach to various pathologies.

Dr. Giuseppe Merra
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microbiota
  • microbiome
  • leaky gut
  • diet
  • inflammation
  • obesity
  • microbes
  • bacteria

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 201 KiB  
Editorial
The “Microbiome”: A Protagonist in COVID-19 Era
by Giuseppe Merra, Annunziata Capacci, Giuseppe Cenname, Ernesto Esposito, Maria Dri, Laura Di Renzo and Marco Marchetti
Microorganisms 2022, 10(2), 296; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020296 - 26 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1906
Abstract
Respiratory infections are among the main causes of hospitalization and mortality, particularly in elderly patients [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota-Host Interactions under Inflammatory Conditions)

Research

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16 pages, 2581 KiB  
Article
Leaky Gut Syndrome Is Associated with Endotoxemia and Serum (1→3)-β-D-Glucan in Severe Dengue Infection
by Wiwat Chancharoenthana, Asada Leelahavanichkul, Wassawon Ariyanon, Somratai Vadcharavivad, Suphasit Phatcharophaswattanakul, Supitcha Kamolratanakul, Pornsawan Leaungwutiwong, Weerapong Phumratanaprapin and Polrat Wilairatana
Microorganisms 2021, 9(11), 2390; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112390 - 19 Nov 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2248
Abstract
The hallmark of severe dengue infection is the increased vascular permeability and hemodynamic alteration that might be associated with an intestinal permeability defect. However, the mechanisms underlying the gastrointestinal-related symptoms of dengue are not well characterized. A prospective observational study was conducted on [...] Read more.
The hallmark of severe dengue infection is the increased vascular permeability and hemodynamic alteration that might be associated with an intestinal permeability defect. However, the mechanisms underlying the gastrointestinal-related symptoms of dengue are not well characterized. A prospective observational study was conducted on patients with dengue who were categorized according to: (i) febrile versus critical phase and (ii) hospitalized patients with versus without the warning signs to evaluate the gut barrier using lactulose-to-mannitol excretion ratio (LEMR). Serum endotoxins, (1→3)-β-D-glucan (BG), and inflammatory parameters were measured. A total of 48 and 38 patients were enrolled in febrile illness and critical phase, respectively, while 22 and 64 patients presented with or without the warning signs, respectively. At enrollment, a positive LEMR test was found in 20 patients (91%) with warning signs, regardless of phase of infection. Likewise, serum endotoxins and BG, the indirect biomarkers for leaky gut, prominently increased in patients who developed severe dengue when compared with the non-severe dengue (endotoxins, 399.1 versus 143.4 pg/mL (p < 0.0001); BG, 123 versus 73.8 pg/mL (p = 0.016)). Modest impaired intestinal permeability occurred in dengue patients, particularly those with warning signs, and were associated with endotoxemia and elevated BG. Thus, leaky gut syndrome might be associated with severity of dengue infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota-Host Interactions under Inflammatory Conditions)
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Other

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16 pages, 1108 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Human Vulvar Microbiome: A Systematic Review
by Lisa Pagan, Roos A. M. Ederveen, Bertine W. Huisman, Jan W. Schoones, Romy D. Zwittink, Frank H. J. Schuren, Robert Rissmann, Jurgen M. J. Piek and Mariëtte I. E. van Poelgeest
Microorganisms 2021, 9(12), 2568; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122568 - 12 Dec 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4780
Abstract
The link between cancer and the microbiome is a fast-moving field in research. There is little knowledge on the microbiome in ((pre)malignant) conditions of the vulvar skin. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the literature regarding the microbiome composition of [...] Read more.
The link between cancer and the microbiome is a fast-moving field in research. There is little knowledge on the microbiome in ((pre)malignant) conditions of the vulvar skin. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the literature regarding the microbiome composition of the healthy vulvar skin and in (pre)malignant vulvar disease. This study was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive, electronic search strategy was used to identify original research articles (updated September 2021). The inclusion criteria were articles using culture-independent methods for microbiome profiling of the vulvar region. Ten articles were included. The bacterial composition of the vulva consists of several genera including Lactobacillus, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus and Prevotella, suggesting that the vulvar microbiome composition shows similarities with the corresponding vaginal milieu. However, the vulvar microbiome generally displayed higher diversity with commensals of cutaneous and fecal origin. This is the first systematic review that investigates the relationship between microbiome and vulvar (pre)malignant disease. There are limited data and the level of evidence is low with limitations in study size, population diversity and methodology. Nevertheless, the vulvar microbiome represents a promising field for exploring potential links for disease etiology and targets for therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota-Host Interactions under Inflammatory Conditions)
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