Bacterial Cell Biology and Development: Ionic Homeostasis, Nutritional Immunity, and Pathogenesis

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology and Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 775

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si 14662, Republic of Korea
Interests: cryo-electron microscopy; bacterial secretion system; membrane proteins; structural biology; biochemistry; pathogens; bio-imaging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bacterial cell biology and development are tightly coupled to ionic homeostasis and host–pathogen interactions. During infection, the host restricts access to essential metals (nutritional immunity), imposing selective pressures that reshape bacterial growth, morphology, and regulatory programs. Bacteria counter with specialized transport and sensing systems for key ions (e.g., Mg2+, Fe, Zn, Mn) that maintain homeostasis and, in a species- and context-dependent manner, modulate membrane remodeling, secretion system activity, biofilm formation, and virulence regulation. Recent work highlights magnesium transporters and the PhoP–PhoQ network as central nodes interfacing with other metal transport systems to contribute to developmental transitions and persistence, with implications for antibiotic tolerance and therapeutic targeting.

This Special Issue invites original research and reviews spanning molecular mechanisms, structural and imaging analyses (including cryo-EM/ET), physiology and genetics, and host–pathogen crosstalk. By integrating diverse approaches, we aim to clarify how ionic fluxes and their regulation shape bacterial cell biology and development across species and disease contexts.

Dr. Jeong Min Chung
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • ion homeostasis
  • nutritional immunity
  • ion transporters
  • virulence regulation
  • host–pathogen interaction

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

14 pages, 15661 KB  
Review
Magnesium Transporters as Crucial Regulators of Bacterial Survival and Pathogenicity
by Seungjun Hur, Youngki Yoo and Jeong Min Chung
Microorganisms 2026, 14(5), 1033; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14051033 - 1 May 2026
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Abstract
Magnesium is an essential divalent cation required for adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent reactions, nucleic acid metabolism, and ribosomal stability. Bacteria depend on specialized transport systems to maintain intracellular Mg2+ homeostasis as it cannot freely cross the phospholipid bilayer. During infection, host nutritional immunity [...] Read more.
Magnesium is an essential divalent cation required for adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent reactions, nucleic acid metabolism, and ribosomal stability. Bacteria depend on specialized transport systems to maintain intracellular Mg2+ homeostasis as it cannot freely cross the phospholipid bilayer. During infection, host nutritional immunity restricts metal availability, and magnesium limitation within the phagosome compromises bacterial metabolism and stability. This review summarizes the major bacterial magnesium transport systems and their roles in survival and pathogenicity, with an emphasis on Salmonella and extension to clinically relevant ESKAPE pathogens. We focus on the PhoPQ-regulated MgtA, MgtB, and MgtC system, in which low magnesium, acidic pH, and other host-derived signals activate PhoPQ to induce mgt gene expression. MgtA and MgtB act as high-affinity P-type ATPases, whereas MgtC promotes bacterial survival within the intramacrophage environment by inhibiting bacterial F-type ATP synthase through specific interactions with subunit a. We also discuss CorA as a conserved channel for basal Mg2+ uptake and MgtE as a Mg2+-selective channel whose gating responds to intracellular Mg2+ and ATP. Finally, we consider the conservation and variation in these systems across pathogenic bacteria and their potential as therapeutic targets for antimicrobial development. Full article
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