Recent Progress in Biosensors for Clinical Diagnostics, Food Quality Control, and Environmental Monitoring

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "B1: Biosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 434

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Interests: electrochemical enzyme biosensors; impedance spectroscopy; gas sensors; microfluidics; automated biosensor systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce a Special Issue of Micromachines on “Recent Progress in Biosensors for Clinical Diagnostics, Food Quality Control, and Environmental Monitoring.”

In recent years, electrochemical biosensors have advanced rapidly, demonstrating high sensitivity and selectivity, rapid and accurate analysis, cost-effectiveness, and integration with machine learning, microfluidics, and lab-on-a-chip systems. They have found widespread application in diverse fields, including clinical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food quality control, and agriculture. The field of electrochemical biosensors is inherently multidisciplinary, drawing from chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, engineering, nanotechnology, electronics, and data science.

Current research efforts focus on expanding the capabilities of electrochemical biosensors for detecting new important analytes while optimizing their analytical performance (selectivity, sensitivity, etc.). Progress is being driven by the use of novel nanomaterials, innovative biosensing elements, advanced immobilization strategies, and improved transducer and measurement system design.

This Special Issue aims to highlight cutting-edge developments in electrochemical biosensors, with particular focus on the following topics:

  1. Novel electrode materials for biosensors;
  2. Nanomaterials for improved biosensor performance;
  3. New immobilization techniques;
  4. Improved biorecognition elements (enzymes, aptamers, antibodies, nucleic acids, cells, etc.) and hybrid platforms;
  5. Miniaturization, microfluidics, automation;
  6. Lab-on-chip and wearable biosensing devices;
  7. Biosensor applications in biomedical diagnostics, food quality control, agriculture, and environmental monitoring;
  8. Challenges and perspectives in the transition of electrochemical biosensors from laboratory prototypes to real-life applications.

Dr. Viktoriya Pyeshkova
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • electrochemical biosensors
  • nanostructured materials
  • biosensor systems
  • point-of-care diagnostics
  • wearable and implantable biosensors
  • microfluidics and lab-on-chip devices
  • machine learning in biosensing
  • biosensor applications in healthcare, food safety, and environmental monitoring

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 3635 KB  
Article
Development and Comparative Evaluation of Two Enzyme-Based Amperometric Biosensor Designs for Alanine Aminotransferase Determination in Biological Fluids
by Daryna Mruga, Yevhen Vakhovskyi, Veronika Bakhmat, Viktoriya Pyeshkova, Sergii Dzyadevych and Oleksandr Soldatkin
Micromachines 2025, 16(10), 1168; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16101168 - 15 Oct 2025
Viewed by 366
Abstract
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a key biomarker of liver function. Compared with conventional assays for ALT detection—which are expensive, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and require experienced personnel—biosensors represent a promising alternative, but it remains unclear which biorecognitive enzymatic configuration offers the best analytical performance for [...] Read more.
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a key biomarker of liver function. Compared with conventional assays for ALT detection—which are expensive, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and require experienced personnel—biosensors represent a promising alternative, but it remains unclear which biorecognitive enzymatic configuration offers the best analytical performance for ALT detection. This study presents the development and comparative evaluation of two amperometric biosensors based on oxidase biorecognition elements: pyruvate oxidase (POx) and glutamate oxidase (GlOx). Enzymes were immobilized onto platinum electrodes under optimized conditions using entrapment for POx (pH 7.4, enzyme loading 1.62 U/µL, PVA-SbQ concentration 13.2%) and covalent crosslinking for GlOx (pH 6.5, enzyme loading 2.67%, glutaraldehyde concentration 0.3%). Analytical parameters were systematically assessed, including linear range (1–500 U/L for POx vs. 5–500 U/L for GlOx), limit of detection (1 U/L for both), and sensitivity (0.75 vs. 0.49 nA/min at 100 U/L). The POx-based biosensor demonstrated higher sensitivity and lower detection limits, whereas the GlOx-based biosensor exhibited greater stability in complex solutions and reduced assay costs due to a simpler working solution. Moreover, while the POx-based system is uniquely suited for ALT determination, the GlOx-based sensor can be affected by AST activity in samples but may also be adapted for targeted AST detection. Overall, the study highlights a trade-off between sensitivity, robustness, and versatility in ALT biosensor design, providing guidance for the rational development of clinically relevant devices. Full article
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