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Metabolites
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Lipid Metabolism in Ruminants
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Lipid Metabolism in Ruminants

A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Lipid Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 5501

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Anil K. G. Kadegowda

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad 580 005, India
Interests: ruminant nutrition; lipid meatbolism; mammary biology; adipose biology; cholesterol metabolsim; nutritional physiology; nutrigenomics; bio-active compounds
Dr. Massimo Bionaz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, 561 Weniger Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
Interests: nutrigenomics; hemp; mastitis; dairy; PPAR
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lipid metabolism in ruminants is unique in comparison to monogastric animals due to the presence of distinctive rumen-biohydrogenation-associated metabolic pathways. Intermediary biohydrogenation  products such as trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are biologically active compounds that affect metabolism in different tissues such as mammary, adipose, and liver. We are now aware that these lipids, along with other dietary fatty acids, affect metabolism at the transcriptional level. Understanding recent advances in the area of lipid metabolism in ruminants would help to enhance production efficiency in animal production systems, develop programs for efficient conversion of feed to animal-derived food, develop designer food as per the need of the consumer, and enhance the metabolic health of animals.

This Special Issue on ‘Lipid metabolism in Ruminants’ will cover topics related to advances in rumen lipid metabolism, rumen metagenomics, unique biohydrogenation intermediates and their biological activities, interaction of different lipids and their bio-availability, lipid metabolism in the mammary, adipose, liver, and muscle tissues, transcriptomic and metabolomic studies in lipogenic tissues,  impact of rumen-derived fatty acids on adipogenesis, use of dietary lipid supplements to enhance production, and reproduction and alleviation of heat stress with a focus on lipid metabolism. Any other relevant topic related to lipid metabolism in ruminants will also be considered.

Dr. Anil K. G. Kadegowda
Dr. Massimo Bionaz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metabolites is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lipid metabolism
  • rumen
  • ruminants
  • biohydrogenation intermediates
  • CLA
  • trans-fatty acids
  • nutrigenomics
  • adipose
  • mammary tissue
  • metabolic stress
  • adipose
  • lipid supplements
  • reproduction
  • heat stress

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 702 KiB  
Article
Association between Fatty Acid Composition in Hair and Energy Availability during Early Lactation in Simmental and German Holstein Cows
by Ramona Wulf, Danny Arends, Dirk Dannenberger, Thomas Ettle, Ulrich Meyer, Uwe Mohr and Gudrun A. Brockmann
Metabolites 2022, 12(12), 1201; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121201 - 01 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1088
Abstract
This study examined (1) if fatty acids in bovine hair are influenced by dietary energy levels and (2) if the relationship between energy availability and fatty acids in hair persists across breeds and farms. Sixty-two and 59 Fleckvieh (Simmental), and 55 German Holstein [...] Read more.
This study examined (1) if fatty acids in bovine hair are influenced by dietary energy levels and (2) if the relationship between energy availability and fatty acids in hair persists across breeds and farms. Sixty-two and 59 Fleckvieh (Simmental), and 55 German Holstein cows from three farms, respectively, were fed two levels of energy concentration of roughage (6.1 and 6.5 MJ net energy for lactation/kg dry matter) and two levels of concentrate supply (150 and 250 g/kg energy-corrected milk). The average body weight was 727 kg (Simmental) and 668 kg (Holstein). The average lactation number was 3.1. Hair samples were taken in lactation weeks 4 and 8. In Simmental cows, a lower energy deficit due to a relatively higher energy intake from high energy concentration of the roughage was associated with higher C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 contents in hair at week 8. In cows from all three farms, higher energy intake between lactation weeks 2 and 6 correlated with higher content of C18:2n-6 in hair samples taken in lactation weeks 4 and 8. No correlation was found for C12:0. These results provide the first evidence that increased energy intake increases the contents of C18:2n-6 in hair. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Metabolism in Ruminants)
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25 pages, 2511 KiB  
Article
RNAseq Analysis of Brown Adipose Tissue and Thyroid of Newborn Lambs Subjected to Short-Term Cold Exposure Reveals Signs of Early Whitening of Adipose Tissue
by Andrea Graña-Baumgartner, Venkata S. R. Dukkipati, Paul R. Kenyon, Hugh T. Blair, Nicolás López-Villalobos, Kristene Gedye and Patrick J. Biggs
Metabolites 2022, 12(10), 996; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100996 - 20 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1656
Abstract
During the early postnatal period, lambs have the ability to thermoregulate body temperature via non-shivering thermogenesis through brown adipose tissue (BAT), which soon after birth begins to transform into white adipose tissue. An RNA seq approach was used to characterize the transcriptome of [...] Read more.
During the early postnatal period, lambs have the ability to thermoregulate body temperature via non-shivering thermogenesis through brown adipose tissue (BAT), which soon after birth begins to transform into white adipose tissue. An RNA seq approach was used to characterize the transcriptome of BAT and thyroid tissue in newborn lambs exposed to cold conditions. Fifteen newborn Romney lambs were selected and divided into three groups: group 1 (n = 3) was a control, and groups 2 and 3 (n = 6 each) were kept indoors for two days at an ambient temperature (20–22 °C) or at a cold temperature (4 °C), respectively. Sequencing was performed using a paired-end strategy through the BGISEQ-500 platform, followed by the identification of differentially expressed genes using DESeq2 and an enrichment analysis by g:Profiler. This study provides an in-depth expression network of the main characters involved in the thermogenesis and fat-whitening mechanisms that take place in the newborn lamb. Data revealed no significant differential expression of key thermogenic factors such as uncoupling protein 1, suggesting that the heat production peak under cold exposure might occur so rapidly and in such an immediate way that it may seem undetectable in BAT by day three of life. Moreover, these changes in expression might indicate the start of the whitening process of the adipose tissue, concluding the non-shivering thermogenesis period. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Metabolism in Ruminants)
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Review

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24 pages, 692 KiB  
Review
Effects of PUFA-Rich Dietary Strategies on Ruminants’ Mammary Gland Gene Network: A Nutrigenomics Review
by Panagiota Kyriakaki, Foivos Zisis, Athanasios C. Pappas, Alexandros Mavrommatis and Eleni Tsiplakou
Metabolites 2023, 13(1), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13010044 - 27 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1790
Abstract
Although the inclusion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in ruminants’ diets appears to be a well-documented strategy to enrich milk with PUFAs, several gene networks that regulate milk synthesis and mammary gland homeostasis could be impaired. The objective of this literature review is [...] Read more.
Although the inclusion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in ruminants’ diets appears to be a well-documented strategy to enrich milk with PUFAs, several gene networks that regulate milk synthesis and mammary gland homeostasis could be impaired. The objective of this literature review is to assess the effects of nutritional strategies focused on enriching milk with PUFAs on gene networks regulating mammary gland function and lipogenesis, as well as the impact of feed additives and bioactive compounds with prominent antioxidant potential on immune-oxidative transcriptional profiling, as a part of mammary gland homeostasis and health. The findings support the conclusion that PUFAs’ inclusion in ruminants’ diets more strongly downregulate the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene compared to other key genes involved in de novo fatty acid synthesis in the mammary gland. Additionally, it was revealed that seed oils rich in linoleic and linolenic acids have no such strong impact on networks that regulate lipogenic homeostasis compared to marine oils rich in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Furthermore, ample evidence supports that cows and sheep are more prone to the suppression of lipogenesis pathways compared to goats under the impact of dietary marine PUFAs. On the other hand, the inclusion of feed additives and bioactive compounds with prominent antioxidant potential in ruminants’ diets can strengthen mammary gland immune-oxidative status. Considering that PUFA’s high propensity to oxidation can induce a cascade of pro-oxidant incidences, the simultaneous supplementation of antioxidant compounds and especially polyphenols may alleviate any side effects caused by PUFA overload in the mammary gland. In conclusion, future studies should deeply investigate the effects of PUFAs on mammary gland gene networks in an effort to holistically understand their impact on both milk fat depression syndrome and homeostatic disturbance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Metabolism in Ruminants)
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