Nutritional Intervention and Metabolic Health: Carbohydrates and Keto Diet

A Special Issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989) belonging to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 March 2027 | Viewed by 812

Editor

School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
Interests: type 2 diabetes mellitus; diet; glycaemic control; insulin sensitivity; metabolic health; dietary interventions; nutritional strategies; diabetes management; lifestyle factors; T2DM prevention
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The optimal macronutrient composition for maintaining metabolic health remains a subject of active scientific discussion, particularly regarding the comparative effects of low-fat and high-fat ketogenic diets (KDs). Recent evidence presents mixed outcomes. A 2023 umbrella review reported improvements in glycaemic control, weight management, and other cardiometabolic markers with KDs, but also highlighted an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Similarly, a 2022 meta-analysis observed elevated total and LDL cholesterol in individuals following very-low-carbohydrate diets compared to control groups. These findings emphasise the complex relationship among carbohydrate restriction, lipid metabolism, and long-term metabolic outcomes.

This Special Issue aims to examine how variations in carbohydrate intake and ketogenic dietary patterns influence glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic risk. We welcome studies addressing obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, as well as research exploring gut microbiota interactions and their role in metabolic regulation. Multi-omics approaches integrating genetic, epigenetic, and microbial determinants are encouraged. By combining molecular insights with clinical evidence, this Special Issue seeks to advance personalised nutrition strategies that promote metabolic resilience and support the prevention of chronic metabolic disorders.

Dr. Louise Lu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • metabolic health
  • carbohydrate metabolism
  • ketogenic diet
  • personalized nutrition
  • glycaemic control
  • insulin sensitivity
  • lipid profiles
  • gut microbiome
  • nutrient-sensing pathways
  • epigenetic modifications
  • personalized postprandial glucose response

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

30 pages, 1204 KB  
Article
Comparative Effects of Quinoa, Buckwheat, Bulgur, and Rice on Cardiometabolic Health in Adults with Overweight or Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Study
by Yesim Oztekin, Buket Gonen-Colak, Selin Tekin, Incilay Lay, Tomris Erbas, Selcuk Dagdelen and Zehra Buyuktuncer
Metabolites 2026, 16(9), 628; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo16090628 - 29 Aug 2026
Viewed by 306
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The study aimed to assess cardiometabolic effects of two pseudocereals, quinoa and buckwheat, comparing them to the effects of rice and bulgur in adults with overweight or obesity. Methods: This study was conducted on 148 adults with overweight and obesity, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The study aimed to assess cardiometabolic effects of two pseudocereals, quinoa and buckwheat, comparing them to the effects of rice and bulgur in adults with overweight or obesity. Methods: This study was conducted on 148 adults with overweight and obesity, aged between 25 and 45 years, consuming 40 g/d quinoa, buckwheat, rice, or bulgur for 4 weeks. Anthropometrical measurements were taken, and dietary intake was assessed; blood pressure and biochemical parameters were examined. Incremental areas under the curve (iAUC) for glucose and insulin were calculated. Subgroup analyses were conducted considering sex. Results: The changes in biochemical and anthropometrical measurements did not differ significantly between groups. However, within-group analysis showed significant changes in many parameters. Among anthropometrical measurements, fat mass declined significantly within quinoa and buckwheat groups (p < 0.05). Blood pressure decreased significantly in the buckwheat group, mainly in women. Fasting glucose decreased significantly only in men in the quinoa group. An increase in iAUC glucose within the bulgur group but a significant decrease in iAUC insulin among men within the buckwheat group was recorded. Total cholesterol (Total-C) significantly decreased in men but increased in women following quinoa consumption. On the other hand, a decrease was reported in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in women following quinoa and buckwheat consumption (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Compared with the baseline, the most pronounced changes were observed in blood pressure, lipid profile, and body fat mass, suggesting a potential cardiometabolic benefit of quinoa and buckwheat. However, sex-specific cardiometabolic differences may occur following the consumption of pseudocereal or cereal. Further studies are needed for more robust results. Full article
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