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Membranes
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Electro-Driven Membranes
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Electro-Driven Membranes

A special issue of Membranes (ISSN 2077-0375). This special issue belongs to the section "Membrane Processing and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 10417

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yan Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
Interests: ionic control of quantum mechanical theory development in membrane fabrication for target-ion selectivity; electro-driven membranes and related processes for target-ion selectivity, extraction, capture or recovery; Kevlar amide nanofiber-based membranes and related technologies; lithium extraction, recovery, or capture; heavy metal ions (e.g., Ni2+, Co2+, Mn2+) selectivity or removal; nutrient ions (e.g., NH4+, PO43-) recovery; fluoride removal or capture; proton exchange membranes for fuel cells; microporous polymer membranes; 2D membrane materials design and preparation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electro-driven membranes are a remarkable class of separation materials that, when used under an electrical field, facilitate selective ion transport. The development of ionic transfer materials in electro-driven membranes with ion separation for ion resource recovery/extraction and environment-related applications has recently attracted a huge surge of interest in material science and engineering disciplines. Traditional electro-driven membranes mainly include ion exchange membranes, which have a dense membrane structure and are used in electrodialysis. Electro-driven membranes have been advanced significantly over the past few decades with the development of porous materials, including the synthesis and integration of many novel polymers, nanofibers, 2D materials, MOFs, COFs, etc., and their application in ion selectivity under electrical field. Simulations, calculations or models of these membranes’ fabrication or related processes can be used to further understand these membranes.

This Special Issue of Membranes, entitled “Electro-driven membranes”, seeks to include, but is not limited to, recent progress in electro-driven membranes (as well as membrane fabrication, characterization, novel design principles and theoretical simulations) and related applications. State-of-the-art and critical reviews and analyses are welcome.

Dr. Yan Zhao
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Membranes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ion exchange membranes
  • bipolar membranes
  • electro-driven MOF-based membranes
  • electro-driven COF-based membranes
  • electro-driven 2D-based membranes
  • electrodialysis
  • membrane capacitance deionization
  • ion selectivity
  • desalination

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 2050 KiB  
Article
Numerical Investigation of Diffusioosmotic Flow in a Tapered Nanochannel
by Sourayon Chanda and Peichun Amy Tsai
Membranes 2022, 12(5), 481; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12050481 - 29 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2462
Abstract
Diffusioosmosis concerns ionic flow driven by a concentration difference in a charged nano-confinement and has significant applications in micro/nano-fluidics because of its nonlinear current-voltage response, thereby acting as an active electric gating. We carry out a comprehensive computation fluid dynamics simulation to investigate [...] Read more.
Diffusioosmosis concerns ionic flow driven by a concentration difference in a charged nano-confinement and has significant applications in micro/nano-fluidics because of its nonlinear current-voltage response, thereby acting as an active electric gating. We carry out a comprehensive computation fluid dynamics simulation to investigate diffusioosmotic flow in a charged nanochannel of linearly varying height under an electrolyte concentration gradient. We analyze the effects of cone angle (α), nanochannel length (l) and tip diameter (dt), concentration difference (Δc = 0–1 mM), and external flow on the diffusioosmotic velocity in a tapered nanochannel with a constant surface charge density (σ). External flow velocity (varied over five orders of magnitude) shows a negligible influence on the diffusioosmotic flow inside the tapered nanochannel. We observed that a cone angle causes diffusioosmotic flow to move towards the direction of increasing gap thickness because of stronger local electric field caused by the overlapping of electric double layers near the smaller orifice. Moreover, the magnitude of average nanoflow velocity increases with increasing |α|. Flow velocity at the nanochannel tip increases when dt is smaller or when l is greater. In addition, the magnitude of diffusioosmotic velocity increases with increasing Δc. Our numerical results demonstrate the nonlinear dependence of tapered, diffusioosmotic flow on various crucial control parameters, e.g., concentration difference, cone angle, tip diameter, and nanochannel length, whereas an insignificant relationship on flow rate in the low Peclet number regime is observed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electro-Driven Membranes)
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15 pages, 872 KiB  
Article
Factors Influencing the Formation of Salicylic Acid by Bipolar Membranes Electrodialysis
by Juan Taumaturgo Medina-Collana, Jimmy Aurelio Rosales-Huamani, Elmar Javier Franco-Gonzales and Jorge Alberto Montaño-Pisfil
Membranes 2022, 12(2), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12020149 - 26 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3976
Abstract
Salicylic acid is an intermediate product in the synthesis of dyes, medications and aspirin. An electrodialysis module has been constructed with commercial cationic, anionic and bipolar membranes for the conversion of sodium salicylate into salicylic acid. The effect of operating conditions such as [...] Read more.
Salicylic acid is an intermediate product in the synthesis of dyes, medications and aspirin. An electrodialysis module has been constructed with commercial cationic, anionic and bipolar membranes for the conversion of sodium salicylate into salicylic acid. The effect of operating conditions such as applied electric potential, salt concentration, initial acid concentration and volumetric flow on bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) yields were investigated using Taguchi analysis. The results obtained in 210 min of work show an average concentration of salicylic acid of 0.0185 M, an average electric current efficiency of 85.3%, and a specific energy consumption of 2.24 kWh/kg of salicylic acid. It was concluded that the proposed bipolar membrane electrodialysis process is an efficient alternative to produce salicylic acid (SAH) from sodium salicylate (SANa) in an environmentally friendly manner. Furthermore, the production of sodium hydroxide was obtained as a by-product of the process carried out. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electro-Driven Membranes)
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16 pages, 5061 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Porous BPPO-Based Anion Exchange Membranes for Acid Recovery via Diffusion Dialysis
by Muhammad Imran Khan, Abdallah Shanableh, Majeda Khraisheh and Fares AlMomani
Membranes 2022, 12(1), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12010095 - 16 Jan 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2819
Abstract
Diffusion dialysis (DD) is an anion exchange membrane-based functional separation process used for acid recovery. TMA (trimethylamine) and BPPO (brominated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) were utilized in this manuscript to formulate AEMs (anion exchange membranes) for DD (diffusion dialysis) using the phase-inversion technique. FTIR (Fourier [...] Read more.
Diffusion dialysis (DD) is an anion exchange membrane-based functional separation process used for acid recovery. TMA (trimethylamine) and BPPO (brominated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) were utilized in this manuscript to formulate AEMs (anion exchange membranes) for DD (diffusion dialysis) using the phase-inversion technique. FTIR (Fourier transfer infrared) analysis, proton NMR spectroscopy, morphology, IEC (ion exchange capacity), LER (linear expansion ratio), CR (fixed group concentration), WR (water uptake/adsorption), water contact angle, chemical, and thermal stability, were all used to evaluate the prepared membranes. The effect of TMA content within the membrane matrix on acid recovery was also briefly discussed. It was reported that porous AEMs have a WR of 149.6% to 233.8%, IEC (ion exchange capacity) of 0.71 to 1.43 mmol/g, CR (fixed group concentration) that ranged from 0.0046 mol/L to 0.0056 mol/L, LER of 3.88% to 9.23%, and a water contact angle of 33.10° to 78.58°. The UH (acid dialysis coefficients) for designed porous membranes were found to be 0.0043 to 0.012 m/h, with separation factors (S) ranging from 13.14 to 32.87 at the temperature of 25 °C. These observations are comparable to those found in the DF-120B commercial membrane with UH of 0.004 m/h and S of 24.3 m/h at the same temperature (25 °C). This porous membranes proposed in this paper are excellent choices for acid recovery through the diffusion dialysis process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electro-Driven Membranes)
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