Understanding Nasal Inflammation: The Interplay of Diagnosis, Endotypes, and Environmental Shifts

A special issue of Medical Sciences (ISSN 2076-3271).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 517

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Life Sciences, Health and Health Professions, Link Campus University, Rome, Italy
Interests: rhinology; ENT; allergology; immunology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
Interests: rhinology; ENT; allergology; immunology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The nasal mucosa, a critical interface between the external environment and the internal milieu, is a frequent site of inflammatory disorders. This Special Issue aims to explore the latest advancements and emerging concepts in the understanding of nasal inflammation. We invite submissions that delve into the intricate interplay between diagnostic innovations, the evolving definition of inflammatory endotypes, the coexistence of distinct inflammatory patterns, and the significant role of environmental factors and their changes in shaping the nasal landscape.

This Special Issue will highlight cutting-edge research focusing on, but not limited to, the following areas: Novel Diagnostic Approaches: Innovative techniques and biomarkers for the accurate and early diagnosis of nasal inflammatory conditions. Refining Inflammatory Endotypes: Advances in characterizing and classifying the underlying inflammatory mechanisms in the nose. The Spectrum of Inflammation: Investigations into the co-occurrence and interaction of different inflammatory profiles within the nasal mucosa. Environmental Influences: Studies exploring the impact of environmental factors, including pollutants, allergens, climate change, and the microbiome, on nasal inflammation and disease progression.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Cells.

Dr. Simonetta Masieri
Dr. Carlo Cavaliere
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • rhinology
  • allergy
  • immunology
  • environment
  • pollution
  • microbiome
  • inflammation
  • united airway disease
  • lymphocyte cells
  • interleukins

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

16 pages, 1697 KB  
Review
Endotype-Guided Imaging in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: HRCT/CBCT and MRI Metrics, Structured Reporting, and Radiomics-A Systematic Review
by Daniela Messineo, Pasquale Frisina, Elona Begvarfaj and Valeria Panebianco
Med. Sci. 2026, 14(2), 274; https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci14020274 - 28 May 2026
Viewed by 187
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease of the paranasal sinuses. Imaging, particularly high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in selected scenarios, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), supports diagnosis, treatment planning, and follow-up by combining anatomic mapping, disease extent, remodeling, [...] Read more.
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease of the paranasal sinuses. Imaging, particularly high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in selected scenarios, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), supports diagnosis, treatment planning, and follow-up by combining anatomic mapping, disease extent, remodeling, and complication assessment. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on endotype-aware imaging in CRS and proposes a structured reporting model grounded in quantitative, management-oriented criteria. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020, the review protocol was registered in PROSPERO 2026 (CRD420261356154); we searched MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane (January 2000–September 2025). Ninety-six studies were included in qualitative synthesis; 38 studies reported quantitative outcomes summarized descriptively. We evaluated HRCT/CBCT/MRI protocols, radiologic indices (Lund–Mackay, GOSS), diagnostic performance in relevant clinical domains, imaging–endotype correlations, and radiomics/artificial intelligence (AI) applications. Key Results: HRCT served as the reference modality for anatomic assessment and preoperative planning in most cohorts; CBCT was selectively used for bony evaluation with lower radiation exposure than conventional CT, albeit without reliable soft-tissue characterization. MRI was mainly applied for soft-tissue characterization, unilateral disease, and suspected complications. Radiomics/AI studies reported areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) ranging from 0.79 to 0.93 for distinguishing type 2-high from non-type 2-high CRS, with external validation reported in a minority of studies. Conclusions: Endotype-aware imaging can support more precise, quantitative CRS management when interpreted together with clinical, endoscopic, and biomarker data. Structured reporting and radiomics may contribute to standardization, but require prospective validation and transparent reporting to enable clinical translation within multidisciplinary care pathways aligned with international guidance. Full article
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