Diagnostic Imaging: Recent Advancements and Future Developments

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Surgery".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 April 2026 | Viewed by 808

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Neuroradiology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, Via Enrico Russo, 80147 Naples, Italy
Interests: brain tumors; segmantatio; radiomics; genomics; olomics
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Guest Editor
Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II”, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: neuroradiologia; MRI; tumors

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Guest Editor Assistant
Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Università “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy
Interests: pediatric neuroradiology; fetal radiology; artificial intelligence; machine learning; advanced MRI

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diagnostic imaging has become essential for modern clinical practice. Its role extends far beyond simple visualization—today, imaging is central to diagnosis, disease monitoring, treatment planning, and outcome evaluation. Over the last few decades, this field has evolved rapidly thanks to technological innovations such as high-resolution MRI, CT, ultrasound, and nuclear imaging techniques. More recently, the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning has revolutionized how imaging data are interpreted, offering the potential for faster, more accurate, and more reproducible diagnostic insights. These advancements are transforming the way we approach personalized medicine and minimally invasive interventions.

This Special Issue, "Diagnostic Imaging: Recent Advancements and Future Developments," aims to highlight the latest scientific and clinical progress in the field of diagnostic imaging. It intends to provide a comprehensive overview of both technological innovation and its practical implications in healthcare. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, advances in imaging modalities, novel imaging biomarkers, AI-driven diagnostic tools, image-guided therapy, and innovations in radiologic workflow. We also seek to address broader issues such as access to imaging in low-resource settings, the education of imaging professionals, and ethical considerations related to AI and big data in radiology.

We are particularly interested in cutting-edge studies that demonstrate the application of emerging imaging technologies in real-world clinical settings. Examples include the development and validation of AI-based image analysis tools, hybrid imaging techniques (e.g., PET/MRI), functional and molecular imaging, and image-guided precision interventions. Interdisciplinary research that bridges imaging with genomics, pathology, or computational modeling is additionally encouraged; these approaches help pave the way toward the next generation of precision diagnostics.

We welcome the submission of high-quality original research articles that present novel findings in the field of diagnostic imaging and comprehensive review articles that synthesize current knowledge and identify future research directions. Submissions may cover clinical, technical, or theoretical aspects and should be of interest to researchers, clinicians, and healthcare policymakers involved in medical imaging and diagnostics.

Dr. Alberto Negro
Prof. Dr. Fabio Tortora
Guest Editors

Dr. Mario Tortora
Guest Editor Assistant

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Keywords

  • diagnostic imaging
  • medical imaging technologies
  • artificial intelligence in radiology
  • imaging biomarkers
  • precision medicine
  • hybrid imaging (e.g., PET/MRI, PET/CT)
  • image-guided interventions
  • radiomics and machine learning
  • functional and molecular imaging
  • clinical applications of imaging

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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16 pages, 1430 KB  
Systematic Review
Diagnostic Accuracy of Non-Contrast CT for Acute Appendicitis in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Se Kwang Oh
Medicina 2025, 61(12), 2163; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61122163 - 4 Dec 2025
Viewed by 614
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is widely regarded as the gold standard for diagnosing acute appendicitis. However, the use of contrast agents may be contraindicated in patients with renal impairment or a history of allergic reactions. Non-contrast CT (NCCT) offers a [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is widely regarded as the gold standard for diagnosing acute appendicitis. However, the use of contrast agents may be contraindicated in patients with renal impairment or a history of allergic reactions. Non-contrast CT (NCCT) offers a potential alternative, but its diagnostic performance has been variably reported across studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the pooled diagnostic accuracy of NCCT in detecting acute appendicitis. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from inception to June 2025. Studies assessing the diagnostic accuracy of NCCT for acute appendicitis were included. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) curve were estimated using a bivariate random-effects model. Study quality was assessed with the QUADAS-2 tool, and publication bias was evaluated using Deeks’ funnel plot asymmetry test. Results: Eleven studies comprising 1996 patients met the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of NCCT were 0.93 (95% confidence interval; CI, 0.91–0.95) and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.95–0.97), respectively. The area under the HSROC curve was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.83–0.96), indicating moderate diagnostic performance. Heterogeneity was moderate for sensitivity (I2 = 48.2%) and substantial for specificity (I2 = 77.6%), likely due to differences in study populations and CT acquisition protocols. No significant publication bias was detected (Deeks’ test, p = 0.079). Conclusions: NCCT demonstrates moderate diagnostic accuracy for detecting acute appendicitis and offers a practical alternative for patients who cannot receive contrast media. Its safety and rapid applicability make NCCT a useful imaging option in emergency settings, especially when contrast use is limited. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Imaging: Recent Advancements and Future Developments)
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