Chronic Kidney Disease and Mineral Bone Disorders

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Urology & Nephrology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 3824

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Guest Editor
1. Division of Internistic Intensive Medicine with Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital of Split, Spinciceva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia
2. School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 1, 21000 Split, Croatia
Interests: intensive care; toxicology; critical care nephrology; dialysis; life support; ultrasound in intensive care
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a syndrome characterized by alterations in the homeostasis of calcium, phosphate, PTH, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), Klotho, and vitamin D. Important features of CKD-MBD are vascular and soft tissue calcification, with a greater prevalence in low turnover renal osteodystrophy. The progression of CKD is associated with an early increase in FGF-23, PTH, and serum phosphates. FGF-23 binds to FGFR-1 and 3 receptors and the co-receptor Klotho. The Klotho gene encodes a protein that, in rodents, causes a premature aging-like phenotype (atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular calcifications). Numerous evidences of a link between bone fragility, osteoporosis, and vascular calcification point to a shared pathophysiology between human aging and CKD-MBD. Clarification of phenotypic differentiation from vascular to bone cells has recently become the focus of scientific efforts. The most important promoter of vascular calcification is phosphorus, exerting its effects through osteopontin, osteocalcin, BMP-2, BMP4, bone sialoprotein, etc. Vascular calcification inhibitors are fetuin-A, osteoprotegerin, BMP-7, sclerosin, etc. Recently, exciting insights into monocytes/macrophages and their role in vascular calcification in CKD patients have made this field extremely dynamic.

All of these aspects of CKD-MBD are covered in this Special Issue of Medicina, which is entirely dedicated to scientific and clinical efforts to understand pathophysiology and improve the outcomes of patients with CKD-MBD.

Dr. Vedran Kovačić
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • CKD-MBD
  • phosphate
  • PTH
  • vascular calcification
  • arteriosclerosis
  • cholecalciferol
  • VDR
  • cardiovascular disease
  • renal osteodystrophy
  • aging

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 356 KiB  
Article
Association between the Polymorphisms rs2070744, 4b/a and rs1799983 of the NOS3 Gene with Chronic Kidney Disease of Uncertain or Non-Traditional Etiology in Mexican Patients
by Alejandro Marín-Medina, José Juan Gómez-Ramos, Norberto Mendoza-Morales and Luis Eduardo Figuera-Villanueva
Medicina 2023, 59(5), 829; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59050829 - 24 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2069
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Chronic Kidney Disease of uncertain or non-traditional etiology (CKDnT) is a form of chronic kidney disease of undetermined etiology (CKDu) and is not associated with traditional risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Chronic Kidney Disease of uncertain or non-traditional etiology (CKDnT) is a form of chronic kidney disease of undetermined etiology (CKDu) and is not associated with traditional risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms rs2070744, 4b/a and rs1799983 of the NOS3 gene with CKDnT in Mexican patients. Materials and Methods: We included 105 patients with CKDnT and 90 controls. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP’s, genotypic and allelic frequencies were determined and compared between the two groups using χ2 analysis, and differences were expressed as odd ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Overall, 80% of patients were male. The rs1799983 polymorphism in NOS3 was found to be associated with CKDnT in the Mexican population (p = 0.006) (OR = 0.397; 95% CI, 0.192–0.817) under a dominant model. The genotype frequency was significantly different between the CKDnT and control groups (χ2 = 8.298, p = 0.016). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that there is an association between the rs2070744 polymorphism and CKDnT in the Mexican population. This polymorphism can play an important role in the pathophysiology of CKDnT whenever there is previous endothelial dysfunction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chronic Kidney Disease and Mineral Bone Disorders)

Review

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17 pages, 1467 KiB  
Review
Role of Histone Modifications in Kidney Fibrosis
by Shengyu Pan, Tianhui Yuan, Yuqi Xia, Weimin Yu, Xiangjun Zhou and Fan Cheng
Medicina 2024, 60(6), 888; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60060888 - 28 May 2024
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by persistent kidney dysfunction, ultimately resulting in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal fibrosis is a crucial pathological feature of CKD and ESRD. However, there is no effective treatment for this condition. Despite the complex molecular mechanisms involved [...] Read more.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by persistent kidney dysfunction, ultimately resulting in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal fibrosis is a crucial pathological feature of CKD and ESRD. However, there is no effective treatment for this condition. Despite the complex molecular mechanisms involved in renal fibrosis, increasing evidence highlights the crucial role of histone modification in its regulation. The reversibility of histone modifications offers promising avenues for therapeutic strategies to block or reverse renal fibrosis. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory implications of histone modifications in fibrosis may provide novel insights into more effective and safer therapeutic approaches. This review highlights the regulatory mechanisms and recent advances in histone modifications in renal fibrosis, particularly histone methylation and histone acetylation. The aim is to explore the potential of histone modifications as targets for treating renal fibrosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chronic Kidney Disease and Mineral Bone Disorders)
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