Prenatal Diagnosis: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Obstetrics and Gynecology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 January 2027 | Viewed by 716

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Expert Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Interests: prenatal diagnostics; genetics; gynecology

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Guest Editor
1. Women's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
2. Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Interests: obstetrics; gynecology; genetics

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Guest Editor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
Interests: gynecology; obstetrics; maternal factors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Prenatal diagnosis has undergone a major transformation in recent decades, evolving from basic ultrasound and invasive procedures to highly sophisticated molecular and imaging technologies. The introduction of non-invasive prenatal testing, advances in genomic sequencing, and improvements in imaging modalities have greatly expanded our ability to detect fetal anomalies and genetic conditions earlier and more accurately. Despite these remarkable advances, challenges remain in terms of clinical implementation, the interpretation of complex data, ethical considerations, equitable access, and integration into healthcare systems worldwide. This Special Issue will build upon this rich history to explore how current practices are being reshaped by cutting-edge innovations and what the future may hold for prenatal care.

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide a comprehensive platform for discussing both the achievements and the unresolved challenges in prenatal diagnosis. The scope encompasses current technologies, novel approaches, ethical frameworks, and policy implications, with a strong focus on translating innovation into clinical benefit. Topics of interest include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Advances in prenatal imaging and molecular diagnostics;
  • Applications of genomics, epigenomics, and proteomics in early fetal assessment;
  • Ethical, social, and psychological dimensions of prenatal testing;
  • Artificial intelligence and digital health tools in diagnostic workflows;
  • Clinical translation and global access disparities;
  • Future directions for personalized and precision prenatal medicine.

This Special Issue will showcase research that expands the frontiers in prenatal diagnosis, such as in the following areas:

  • The integration of multi-omics and machine learning for improved predictive accuracy;
  • Novel biomarkers for the early detection of fetal and maternal complications;
  • High-resolution imaging innovations for structural and functional assessment;
  • Emerging non-invasive approaches beyond current NIPT capabilities;
  • Clinical trials and translational studies bridging laboratory discoveries and patient care.

We welcome a wide range of contributions, including the following paper types:

  • Original research articlespresenting novel findings in prenatal diagnostics;
  • Comprehensive reviewssynthesizing progress and future perspectives;
  • Clinical studies and highlighting real-world challenges and solutions;
  • Methodological papersdescribing innovative diagnostic tools and techniques.

By showcasing a diverse range of contributions, this Special Issue will serve as a valuable reference for clinicians, researchers, policymakers, and allied healthcare professionals invested in the future of maternal–fetal medicine.

Dr. Yaron Zalel
Dr. Kristiina Rull
Dr. Natalija Vedmedovska
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • prenatal diagnosis
  • non-invasive prenatal testing
  • fetal imaging
  • genomic medicine
  • multiomics
  • artificial intelligence in prenatal care
  • maternal–fetal health

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

10 pages, 464 KB  
Article
Clinical Characteristics, Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Women with Placenta Previa Compared with Breech Cesarean Controls: A Retrospective Case-Control Study from a Single Tertiary Center in Lithuania
by Vytaute Rimdzeviciute, Marija Leipuviene, Egle Savukyne, Laima Maleckiene, Gitana Ramoniene, Kotryna Bajeruniene and Mindaugas Kliucinskas
Medicina 2026, 62(5), 931; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina62050931 - 10 May 2026
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: To evaluate maternal characteristics associated with placenta previa in comparison with breech cesarean controls, as well as maternal and neonatal outcomes. Materials and Methods: A retrospective case–control study was conducted at the Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: To evaluate maternal characteristics associated with placenta previa in comparison with breech cesarean controls, as well as maternal and neonatal outcomes. Materials and Methods: A retrospective case–control study was conducted at the Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas Clinics (2015–2022). A total of 150 cases of placenta previa were compared with a control group of participants who underwent cesarean delivery due to fetal breech presentation without placenta previa. Results: In multivariable analysis, higher parity, prior cesarean delivery, in vitro fertilization, prior surgical termination of pregnancy, and prior uterine surgery were independently associated with placenta previa compared with breech cesarean controls. Maternal complications were significantly more frequent in the placenta previa group and included placenta accreta spectrum disorders, second- and third-trimester hemorrhage, postpartum hemorrhage, and increased need for blood transfusion. The most severe outcomes, including cesarean hysterectomy, occurred exclusively in cases complicated by placenta accreta spectrum disorders. Neonatal outcomes in the placenta previa group were characterized by higher rates of preterm birth, low Apgar scores, and birth weight < 2500 g. Adverse neonatal outcomes were partly associated with earlier gestational age at delivery. However, placenta previa remained associated with low Apgar score after adjustment. Conclusions: Compared with breech cesarean controls, placenta previa was associated with multiple maternal characteristics, including higher parity, prior cesarean delivery, in vitro fertilization, prior surgical termination of pregnancy, and prior uterine surgery. The condition is linked to increased maternal hemorrhagic morbidity, particularly in cases complicated by placenta accreta spectrum disorders, as well as adverse neonatal outcomes mainly related to prematurity. These findings highlight the importance of careful antenatal monitoring and delivery planning in specialized centers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prenatal Diagnosis: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives)
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