Emerging Mathematical Methods in Data Science: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications

A special issue of Mathematics (ISSN 2227-7390). This special issue belongs to the section "E: Applied Mathematics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 775

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, the mathematical foundations of data science have undergone a rapid evolution, driven by demands for scalable algorithms, rigorous uncertainty quantification, and robust inference in high-dimensional settings.

This Special Issue seeks original research and survey articles that advance the mathematical underpinnings of data science. We invite contributions on the following topics: 

- Algorithmic innovations in randomized algorithms for matrices and tensors and optimization methods for large-scale learning. 

- Uncertainty quantification frameworks for data-driven models, including Bayesian methods and robust statistics. 

- Topological and geometric data analysis, covering persistent homology, manifold learning, and graph-based techniques. 

- Applications that demonstrate the impact of these methods in science, engineering, and healthcare.

Dr. Célio Fernandes
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • randomized algorithms
  • statistical learning theory
  • optimization
  • topological data analysis
  • uncertainty quantification

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 6748 KB  
Article
Hybrid Dual Volume Learning for Iterative Fusion and Adaptive Depth Refinement for Shape from Focus
by Khurram Ashfaq and Muhammad Tariq Mahmood
Mathematics 2026, 14(10), 1619; https://doi.org/10.3390/math14101619 - 10 May 2026
Viewed by 252
Abstract
Shape from Focus (SFF) estimates scene depth by analyzing focus variations across a sequence of images captured at different focal settings. Traditional SFF methods rely on handcrafted focus operators that preserve local structural details, but they are often sensitive to noise and perform [...] Read more.
Shape from Focus (SFF) estimates scene depth by analyzing focus variations across a sequence of images captured at different focal settings. Traditional SFF methods rely on handcrafted focus operators that preserve local structural details, but they are often sensitive to noise and perform poorly in textureless regions. In contrast, deep learning-based methods are more robust and can exploit semantic and contextual cues, yet they may lose fine structural information due to feature abstraction and spatial downsampling. To address these complementary limitations, we propose a dual-branch SFF framework that integrates deep and traditional focus cues within a unified architecture. The first branch generates a deep focus volume using a multi-scale encoder-decoder network, while the second branch computes a traditional focus volume using a directional dilated Laplacian (DDL) operator to capture structural focus responses. These two volumes are progressively combined through an iterative gated fusion module, producing a more discriminative fused focus representation. From this fused volume, an initial depth map is estimated through a softmax-based slice aggregation strategy. To further improve spatial consistency and reduce residual artifacts, we introduce a lightweight depth refinement module guided by the mean RGB image of the focal stack. This refinement stage enhances boundary quality and improves the overall depth structure. Extensive experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework produces accurate and reliable depth maps. Full article
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