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Maxillofacial Prosthetic and Reconstructive Materials (Second Edition)

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 November 2026 | Viewed by 960

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
2. Department of Adult Restorative Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
Interests: development of maxillofacial prosthetic material; property characterization in dental restorative materials; hard and soft tissues
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Facial disfigurement is the most visible and disabling condition present in the orofacial complex. It diminishes self-image and self-esteem and produces psychological anguish that leads to depression, isolation, and a poor quality of life. Facial disfigurement arises from trauma, burns, and the surgical removal of tumors. Its treatment modalities include reconstructive surgery, the implantation of alloplastic or resorbable materials, and the construction of maxillofacial prostheses. Reconstructive surgical techniques have limitations due to their reliance on autogenous and allogeneic materials. They are in short supply, may not conform to the intricate geometry required to replicate missing tissue, and, if used as grafts, contribute to donor site morbidity. Consequently, the need for alternative treatment approaches has led to research on developing new biomaterials derived from both synthetic and biological origins.

Facial prosthetic materials are essential in restoring missing structures when surgical and reconstructive strategies are unsuccessful or not possible. Traditional facial prosthetic materials are constructed primarily from copolymers and elastomers that are flexible and stretchable and provide adequate translucency to allow reasonable color matching with the surrounding facial skin. Still, many further improvements are needed, including better resistance to tearing, fungal growth inhibition, improved comfort and “skin-like” feel, longer color stability, and physical durability, to name but a few.

Facial reconstructive biomaterials are intended to replace the form and function of missing tissues. Ideally, these materials exhibit biomimetic qualities, either as stand-alone materials or in combination with cell-based strategies. Although successes have been reported, challenges remain in reliably producing facial tissue replacements that are structurally, functionally, and aesthetically competent, offer uncomplicated surgical placement, and can be fully integrated into the surrounding biological structures.

Recent advances in science and technology offer new avenues in materials development through the incorporation of nanoscience, advanced imaging, additive manufacturing, and novel chemistries, among other fields. This presents a new realm of exciting strategies for producing advanced prosthetic and reconstructive materials that are essential in delivering state-of-the-art care.

Compared to other biomaterials, facial materials receive little research attention and are granted only a small amount of research funding. Consequently, this field is largely under-researched, and the advancements to date have been attributed to a finite number of dedicated scientists and clinicians. This Special Issue of Materials provides the opportunity to document current developments in the field and inspire innovative approaches to future research that will embrace a wide range of areas of scientific expertise.

I am honored to serve as editor of this Special Issue, and I invite you to submit a research article, communication, or review paper that addresses this important topic.

Prof. Dr. Mark W. Beatty
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • facial prosthetic materials
  • maxillofacial prosthetic materials
  • maxillofacial reconstructive materials

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 29521 KB  
Article
Novel Metformin-Encapsulating Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres in Calcium Phosphate Pulp-Capping Cement with Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Regenerative Applications
by Mohammad Alenizy, Abdullah Alhussein, Nader Almutairi, Ibrahim Ba-Armah, Heba Alqarni, Yazeed Altamimi, Ayman Altamimi, Tao Ma, Man-Kyo Chung, Michael D. Weir, Abraham Schneider and Hockin H. K. Xu
Materials 2026, 19(3), 487; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19030487 - 26 Jan 2026
Viewed by 534
Abstract
Metformin is a promising small molecule for dentin regeneration, but an effective local delivery system for pulp applications has been underexplored. This study encapsulated metformin in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres and incorporated them into calcium phosphate–chitosan cement (CPCC) as a direct pulp-capping material [...] Read more.
Metformin is a promising small molecule for dentin regeneration, but an effective local delivery system for pulp applications has been underexplored. This study encapsulated metformin in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres and incorporated them into calcium phosphate–chitosan cement (CPCC) as a direct pulp-capping material (DPC). Metformin-PLGA microspheres were prepared by double emulsion and mixed with CPCC at a concentration of 0% to 20% by weight. Microsphere morphology, encapsulation efficiency, chemical composition, and physico-mechanical properties were characterized, and compatibility with human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) was evaluated by live/dead assay and SEM. The microspheres were spherical (5.43 ± 0.17 µm) with (51 ± 3.69%) encapsulation efficiency, and FTIR confirmed metformin incorporation. The 15% Met-PLGA-CPCC group showed flexural strength (15.22 ± 1.98 MPa), elastic modulus (4.60 ± 0.73 GPa), and work of fracture (104.96 ± 12.48 J/m2) comparable to or higher than CPCC and MTA, while all Met-PLGA-CPCC groups had shorter setting times ranging from 18 min to 27 min than CPCC (39.15 ± 2.10 min) and MTA (123 ± 4.2 min). Metformin release increased proportionally with Met-PLGA content. hDPSCs exhibited good attachment and high viability on all materials over the evaluated period. In conclusion, Met-PLGA-CPCC provides fast-setting and favorable physico-mechanical properties, sustained metformin delivery, and excellent hDPSC compatibility. These properties support its potential as a bioactive direct pulp-capping material and as a versatile platform for regenerative applications. Full article
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