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Lubricants
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Advances in Lubricated Bearings, 2nd Edition
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Advances in Lubricated Bearings, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Lubricants (ISSN 2075-4442).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 3066

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Thomas Hagemann

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Tribology and Energy Conversion machinery, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
Interests: bearings; thermal effects in hydrodynamic journal bearings; non-laminar regime; thermal and mechanical deformations
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Hubert Schwarze

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Tribology and Energy Conversion Machinery, Faculty of Mathematics/Informatics and Mechanical Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibniz Street 32, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
Interests: tribology; lubrication; rheology; dynamically loaded bearings; rotor dynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Understanding the physics of lubricated bearings is essential for their design and optimization to achieve robust, reliable, and highly efficient operation in rotating machinery. Extensive investigations reported in the international literature have contributed significantly to the current state of the art in practical applications, as tribology engineers from practice and research maintain close relationships. In recent decades, improvements in design, lubrication, and materials have led to significant increases in the power density attainable at higher mechanical or thermal loads. Despite these achievements, there are still phenomena that are not sufficiently described, understood, or solved, and that are becoming more important due to novel applications or the extension of operating ranges.

This Special Issue is a continuation of its first part and aims to share progress in understanding specific phenomena, improved design, and other novel aspects in the field of lubricated rolling and sliding bearings. It covers materials, fluid flow, and the interaction of the bearing with other machine components. Both experimental and theoretical investigations are highly welcome.

Dr. Thomas Hagemann
Prof. Dr. Hubert Schwarze
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Lubricants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bearing
  • rolling
  • sliding
  • modeling
  • mixed lubrication
  • hydrodynamic lubrication
  • hydrostatic lubrication
  • journal bearings
  • thrust bearings
  • materials
  • lubricants

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 18733 KiB  
Article
An Approach for Predicting the Vibro-Impact Behavior of Angular Contact Ball Bearing Considering Variable Clearance
by Yuqi Zhou, Xu Peng and Yu Chen
Lubricants 2025, 13(5), 216; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13050216 - 14 May 2025
Viewed by 311
Abstract
This work develops a comprehensive analysis method to examine the nonlinear dynamic response of angular contact ball bearings (ACBBs) with variable clearance. Based on the elastic contact theory and friction principle, the nonlinear contact-impact behavior of the ACBB is systematically investigated. A multibody [...] Read more.
This work develops a comprehensive analysis method to examine the nonlinear dynamic response of angular contact ball bearings (ACBBs) with variable clearance. Based on the elastic contact theory and friction principle, the nonlinear contact-impact behavior of the ACBB is systematically investigated. A multibody dynamics model incorporating three-dimensional clearance effects is developed. First, the nonlinear vibro-impact dynamics model of the ACBB is presented considering the influence of variable clearance. Second, the kinematic analysis of the ACBB with clearance is planned, and performance tests are performed under variable conditions, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of a numerical simulation of the ACBBs with variable clearance is performed. The results show that the increase in rotation speed and external load would cause the high-frequency contact impact between ball and raceway. The decline of the deviation ratio for the cage’s mass center velocity illustrates that the motion trajectory of ACBB would be irregular. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Lubricated Bearings, 2nd Edition)
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32 pages, 6249 KiB  
Article
On the Effectiveness of Optimisation Algorithms for Hydrodynamic Lubrication Problems
by František Kocman and Pavel Novotný
Lubricants 2025, 13(5), 207; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13050207 - 8 May 2025
Viewed by 337
Abstract
In many applications, it is necessary to optimise the performance of hydrodynamic (HD) bearings. Many studies have proposed different strategies, but there remains a lack of conclusive research on the suitability of various optimisation methods. This study evaluates the most commonly used algorithms, [...] Read more.
In many applications, it is necessary to optimise the performance of hydrodynamic (HD) bearings. Many studies have proposed different strategies, but there remains a lack of conclusive research on the suitability of various optimisation methods. This study evaluates the most commonly used algorithms, including the genetic (GA), particle swarm (PSWM), pattern search (PSCH) and surrogate (SURG) algorithms. The effectiveness of each algorithm in finding the global minimum is analysed, with attention to the parameter settings of each algorithm. The algorithms are assessed on HD journal and thrust bearings, using analytical and numerical solutions for friction moment, bearing load-carrying capacity and outlet lubricant flow rate under multiple operating conditions. The results indicate that the PSCH algorithm was the most efficient in all cases, excelling in both finding the global minimum and speed. While the PSWM algorithm also reliably found the global minimum, it exhibited lower speed in the defined problems. In contrast, genetic algorithms and the surrogate algorithm demonstrated significantly lower efficiency in the tested problems. Although the PSCH algorithm proved to be the most efficient, the PSWM algorithm is recommended as the best default choice due to its ease of use and minimal sensitivity to parameter settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Lubricated Bearings, 2nd Edition)
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21 pages, 8225 KiB  
Article
Contact Load Calculation Models for Finite Line Contact Rollers in Bearing Dynamic Simulation Under Dry and Lubricated Conditions
by Yongxu Hu, Liu He, Yan Luo, Andy Chit Tan and Cai Yi
Lubricants 2025, 13(4), 183; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13040183 - 15 Apr 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 504
Abstract
The key to exploring the behavior of bearings through dynamic methods lies in establishing an accurate model for calculating the contact load between the roller and the raceway. Based on the half-space theory of Boussinesq, this study developed a full-order model for calculating [...] Read more.
The key to exploring the behavior of bearings through dynamic methods lies in establishing an accurate model for calculating the contact load between the roller and the raceway. Based on the half-space theory of Boussinesq, this study developed a full-order model for calculating the contact load of the finite line contact roller. The model adopted an iterative procedure to calculate the contact load of each roller slice according to deformations. According to the comparisons between the contact loads obtained by the proposed model and those obtained by FEA, the average error for a cylindrical roller was approximately 2%, while that for a tapered roller was approximately 17%. By neglecting the influences of inter-slice contact stresses on the deformation of local roller slice, a fast-calculating method for the full-order model was developed, thereby reducing the calculation time by approximately 77%. By integrating the fast method with the Dowson–Higginson’s formula, another model was developed to calculate the contact load under lubrication conditions. The proposed models were utilized to investigate the dynamic characteristics of a double-row tapered roller bearing, and the results were validated through experiments. The proposed method could be utilized to assess dynamic performances of bearings across different operating scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Lubricated Bearings, 2nd Edition)
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25 pages, 8753 KiB  
Article
Research on RV Reducer Shaft Bearing Force and Structural Optimization
by Xiaoxu Pang, Dingkang Zhu, Xinlong Wang, Minghao Yang, Qiaoshuo Li, Duo Liu and Hai Wu
Lubricants 2025, 13(4), 182; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13040182 - 15 Apr 2025
Viewed by 434
Abstract
This paper addresses the unclear bearing force of an RV reducer shaft by establishing a transmission model and analyzing the force situation of each component. Three force models for the crank support bearing, swivel arm bearing, and main bearing are developed. The force [...] Read more.
This paper addresses the unclear bearing force of an RV reducer shaft by establishing a transmission model and analyzing the force situation of each component. Three force models for the crank support bearing, swivel arm bearing, and main bearing are developed. The force variations under different working conditions and the impact of structural parameters on shaft bearing forces are analyzed. Structural optimization is performed using Kriging-NSGA-II to minimize bearing forces. The results show similar load patterns for the bearings, with the force magnitude being ranked in the following order: rotating arm > crank support > main bearing. After optimization, the bearing forces are reduced by 8.26% for the crank support shaft, 10.35% for the rotating arm shaft, and 5.15% for the main shaft. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Lubricated Bearings, 2nd Edition)
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22 pages, 3247 KiB  
Article
Experimental Identification of the Void Fraction in a Large Hydrodynamic Offset Halves Bearing
by Alexander Engels, Sören Wettmarshausen, Michael Stottrop, Thomas Hagemann, Christoph Weißbacher, Hubert Schwarze and Beate Bender
Lubricants 2025, 13(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13010007 - 29 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1092
Abstract
A common approach to optimising hydrodynamic journal bearings for power loss is to reduce the lubricant supply and direct the oil to specific bearing areas where it is needed to guarantee safe operation. This requires information on the processes in the gap and [...] Read more.
A common approach to optimising hydrodynamic journal bearings for power loss is to reduce the lubricant supply and direct the oil to specific bearing areas where it is needed to guarantee safe operation. This requires information on the processes in the gap and the surrounding pocket areas for both pre-design and simulation. In this paper, a system consisting of a total of eight cameras is used to determine the void fraction in deep grooves outside the lubricant film. The void fraction in the lubrication gap is determined using a novel method for the evaluation of two proximity measurements. While the variation of the deep groove void fraction is realised by a special oil supply and radially adjustable deep groove elements, the gap void fraction is adjusted by the oil supply in the lube oil pockets at the pad leading edges. On the one hand, the experimental investigations show that the void fraction of the deep groove areas has hardly any influence on the general operating behaviour. On the other hand, the void fraction in the lubrication gap can be measured quantitatively for the first time, and the operating point-dependent gas fractions can be visualised. It is also shown that gaseous cavitation is the main mechanism in partially filled regions of the lubrication gap. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Lubricated Bearings, 2nd Edition)
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