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Lubricants
Special Issues
Thermally and Electrically Conductive Nanomaterials Lubricants
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Thermally and Electrically Conductive Nanomaterials Lubricants

A special issue of Lubricants (ISSN 2075-4442).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 10785

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Hammad Younes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
Interests: CNTs; graphene; wear; MXene; coefficient of friction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Commercially available lubricants are usually nonconductive, e.g., lithium and calcium lubricants. However, the rapid industrial development in various industrial fields has increased the demand for lubricants with exceptional properties, such as high thermal and electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, high temperature, and high pressure stability.

Heat dissipation is a serious problem for many machines, as it impairs their performance, efficiency, and accuracy, and limits the lifetime of the machines. Therefore, thermal lubricants have been invented to remove the heat generated by machines as fast as possible to keep the machine temperature within the acceptable range and avoid any effect on the performance of the machines. Electrically conductive lubricants are required in certain applications that include, but are not limited to, next-generation electric vehicles, superb electric motor bearing protection, and electrical contact improvement. Electrical switches and contacts will be considerably enhanced and maintained over long periods in extremely corrosive environments using electrical lubricants. The low weight percentage and optimal thermal management performance of nanomaterials paved the way for manufacturing a commercial-grade cost-effective thermal lubricants that can compete in today’s global market. The current Special Issue aims to have contributions from world-leading scientists working in electrically and thermally conductive lubricants to deepen our understanding of lubricants. Contributions are welcome from all scientists working in nanomaterials lubricants and related areas.

Dr. Hammad Younes
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Lubricants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • CNTs
  • graphene
  • nanomaterials
  • electrical conductivity
  • thermal conductivity
  • nanoparticles
  • thermal paste
  • tribology
  • lubricants

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 4344 KiB  
Article
Influence of Additives Concentration on the Electrical Properties and the Tribological Behaviour of Three Automatic Transmission Fluids
by Alejandro García Tuero, Noelia Rivera, Eduardo Rodríguez, Alfonso Fernández-González, José Luis Viesca and Antolín Hernández Battez
Lubricants 2022, 10(11), 276; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10110276 - 22 Oct 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2175
Abstract
Placing an electric motor (EM) inside the transmission housing of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) implies that the automatic transmission fluid (ATF) needs to accomplish additional requirements. Among these requirements, electrical compatibility is of critical significance. This study investigated the influences of the [...] Read more.
Placing an electric motor (EM) inside the transmission housing of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) implies that the automatic transmission fluid (ATF) needs to accomplish additional requirements. Among these requirements, electrical compatibility is of critical significance. This study investigated the influences of the additive concentrations of three commercial ATFs on their electrical compatibilities and tribological performances. Two variations of each ATF with different concentrations of the original additive packages were prepared. The viscosity, electrical conductivity, permittivity, resistivity, dielectric dissipation factor, breakdown voltage, and tribological performance of the nine resulting ATFs were measured. All the ATFs were found to be electrically compatible and showed dissipative performance and sufficiently high breakdown voltage, even at increasing additive concentrations. The tribological performances of the ATFs formulated with the API (American Petroleum Institute) Group III base oils had improved wear reduction at the highest additive concentrations; the better wear performance was related to the formation of iron phosphates and polyphosphates on the worn surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermally and Electrically Conductive Nanomaterials Lubricants)
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10 pages, 1684 KiB  
Article
CPU Performance Improvement Using Novel Thermally Conductive Carbon Nano Grease
by Travis Grablander, Greg Christensen, Craig Bailey, Ding Lou, Haiping Hong and Hammad Younes
Lubricants 2022, 10(8), 172; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10080172 - 27 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2137
Abstract
Electronics depend on their ability to shed operational heat to maintain operating temperature. Inferior grease can create preventable problems in electronics. This is typically achieved through a thermal grease or paste. If this grease fails to dissipate heat or maintain thermal contact, then [...] Read more.
Electronics depend on their ability to shed operational heat to maintain operating temperature. Inferior grease can create preventable problems in electronics. This is typically achieved through a thermal grease or paste. If this grease fails to dissipate heat or maintain thermal contact, then the equipment will have faults. Greases with less-than-optimal performance create excessive wear, heat, and reduced life expectancy. This can cause equipment failures and malfunctions at the most inopportune moments. Thermal greases are applied to Central Processors (CPU) and Graphics Processors (GPU) in avionics LRUs, computers, Solar panels, HVAC systems, and other electronics. A high-performance novel nano grease will shed excess heat and increase device life expectancy. The fabricated nano greases show improvements of up to 80% in thermal conductivity measurements. CPU testing resulted in a 100% decrease in the standard deviation of temperature variation from commercial greases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermally and Electrically Conductive Nanomaterials Lubricants)
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Review

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28 pages, 2651 KiB  
Review
Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Lubricants: Review of Recent Developments
by Md Mahfuzur Rahman, Mohaiminul Islam, Rakesh Roy, Hassan Younis, Maryam AlNahyan and Hammad Younes
Lubricants 2022, 10(11), 281; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10110281 - 27 Oct 2022
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 5673
Abstract
This review article summarizes the progress of research on carbon nanomaterial-based lubricants witnessed in recent years. Carbon nanomaterials, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes and carbon nanostructures, are at the center of current tribological research on attaining superior lubrication performance. The development [...] Read more.
This review article summarizes the progress of research on carbon nanomaterial-based lubricants witnessed in recent years. Carbon nanomaterials, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes and carbon nanostructures, are at the center of current tribological research on attaining superior lubrication performance. The development of nanomaterial-based solid lubricants, lubricant additives and bulk materials and the related issues in their processing, characterization and applications as well as their tribological performance (coefficient of friction and wear rate) are listed in a structured tabulated form. Firstly, regarding nanomaterial-based solid lubricants, this study reveals that carbon nanomaterials such as graphite, graphene, graphene-based coatings and diamond-like carbon (DLC)-based coatings increase different tribological properties of solid lubricants. Secondly, this study summarizes the influence of graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerene, carbon nanodiamonds, carbon nano-onions, carbon nanohorns and carbon spheres when they are used as an additive in lubricants. Thirdly, a structured tabulated overview is presented for the use of carbon nanomaterial-reinforced bulk material as lubricants, where graphene, carbon nanotubes and carbon nanodiamonds are used as reinforcement. Additionally, the lubricity mechanism and superlubricity of carbon nanomaterial-based lubricants is also discussed. The impact of carbon nanotubes and graphene on superlubricity is reviewed in detail. It is reported in the literature that graphene is the most prominent and widely used carbon nanomaterial in terms of all four regimes (solid lubricants, lubricating additives, bulk material reinforcement and superlubricity) for superior tribological properties. Furthermore, prospective challenges associated with lubricants based on carbon nanomaterials are identified along with future research directions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermally and Electrically Conductive Nanomaterials Lubricants)
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