Fundamentals and Applications of Triboelectrification

Dear Colleagues,

Triboelectrification refers to the charge transfer between materials during contact or relative motion, and has long been recognized as a fundamental interfacial phenomenon. However, with the emergence of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), significant progress has been made in both the scientific understanding and technological application of this phenomenon. These devices convert mechanical energy generated from contact, friction, or interfacial motion—such as vibrations, rotation, human activity, or environmental forces—into electricity through the coupling of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction.

The scientific significance of this field extends beyond energy harvesting. It introduces the concept of "motion-induced displacement current," expands classical electrodynamics, and deepens our understanding of contact electrification and mechano-electrical energy conversion at the micro- and nanoscales. Furthermore, TENGs provide a versatile platform for investigating interfacial charge transfer, frictional phenomena, and the coupling between mechanical deformation and electronic processes, thereby fostering emerging research directions such as tribotronics and contact-electro-catalysis.

Since triboelectric phenomena originate at contacting surfaces, tribological properties—including surface chemistry, roughness, running-in behavior, wear, and lubrication—exert a decisive influence on the performance, stability, and longevity of TENGs. Conversely, TENG technology offers innovative sensing capabilities and self-powered solutions for monitoring tribological systems, establishing a unique feedback loop between tribology and energy harvesting research.

This Special Issue aims to consolidate the latest advances in triboelectrification and TENGs, covering fundamental mechanisms, material design, device engineering, and diverse applications. By uniting perspectives from the fields of materials science, tribology, electronics, and energy research, this Issue presents a comprehensive overview of current developments in this rapidly evolving field and identifies key directions for future research.

Dr. Bo Zhao
Dr. Yong Ma
Guest Editors

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