The Second Edition: Ecosystem Services Design from Single Space Solution to Landscape Vision

A special issue of Land (ISSN 2073-445X). This special issue belongs to the section "Land Planning and Landscape Architecture".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2026 | Viewed by 1291

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET-URT Lecce), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Campus Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Interests: biodiversity; ecology; ecosystem services (ES); landscape and urban planning; strategic environmental assessment (SEA, Directive 2001/42/CE); geographic information systems (GIS)
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce a Special Issue of Land titled “The Second Edition: Ecosystem Services Design from Single Space Solution to Landscape Vision”.

Green spaces can be designed to serve as ecological multifunctional spaces capable of supporting priority ecosystem services and co-benefits to reduce the ecological footprint of human activities and increase the carrying capacity of landscape and urban systems. Ecosystem service design must include physical structures, such as implementing ecosystems in landscape and urban space to provide ecological processes that can mitigate environmental issues, but also consider specific social activities and economic benefits that can be derived from their utilizations to maximize human wellbeing.

Therefore, a broad range of solutions can be implemented in both private and public spaces involving different stakeholders. This requires a cultural leap and new vision for green space design to support priority ecosystem services that are capable of creating connections between high ecological resilience, new business and economic opportunities, and multiscale environmental and cultural aspects.

This can include the planning and design of solutions that can support climate and air regulation, storm mitigations, energy use reduction, biodiversity and habitat restorations, esthetics, and cultural aspects in terms of stress mitigation and social integration with reference also to the immigration process. Therefore, the solution can involve a single project but also a network of natural-based solutions that can represent green infrastructure in the landscape.

Research experimentation to identify new solutions in landscape and urban planning is hampered by the impossibility of repeating experiments or attempts as is usually done in laboratory experiments. Therefore, each project and process to develop ecosystem services or green infrastructure in landscape and urban space can represent a good example to reflect on the success or failure of human choices. These can serve as useful knowledge and information for new application development in sustainability at different scales.

This Special Issue aims to bring together a network of knowledge and, where possible, to report practical experiences in green space design and management with a critical vision to support new research and applications and stimulate innovation through the “learn by doing” approach.

Therefore, the Special Issue will promote research, review, and other types of manuscripts that focus on promoting ecosystem regeneration, ecosystem services, and green infrastructure and their management, as well as new policies and tools for their promotions and diffusion with a bottom-up (from a single applicative case to analyze methodologies and effectiveness) or top-down approach (from research to transfer in an applicative way).

Papers may include:

  • Research studies on the development of specific natural-based solutions able to improve human health in landscape and urban planning and design;
  • Assessment of ecosystem services and disservices provided by natural-based solutions and green infrastructure application;
  • Reviews of green infrastructure project applications realized in the real world;
  • Research promoting new indicators, approaches, and methodologies to monitor vegetation status, social and economic impacts, and human wellbeing linked to ecosystem service improvement;
  • Reports explaining the approaches used in urban and rural landscape ecological restoration design;
  • Research on the ability of green infrastructure or specific natural-based solutions to increase the carrying capacity of an urban system or reduce the ecological footprint of the city carrying out ecological processes instead of high-impact technology;
  • Market approaches and social–ecological strategies in the ecosystem service design capable of stimulating private investment in green spaces at different scales creating share value;
  • Transdisciplinary approaches to ecosystem service design involving researchers, private landowners, companies, experts, and developers reflecting together on the problem and solutions;
  • Research and reports on how to ensure stakeholder collaboration and community engagement in ecosystem service design;
  • Research and reviews of social promotion activities in ecosystem service design.

Dr. Teodoro Semeraro
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Land is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ecosystem services design
  • landscape and urban planning
  • natural-based solutions
  • green infrastructure
  • ecological restoration

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 6258 KB  
Article
Optimization of Thermal Comfort Evaluation for Elderly Individuals in Winter Urban Parks Based on Plant Elements Within Landscape Spaces—Taking Beijing Zizhuyuan and Taoranting Parks as Examples
by Yan Lu, Zirui Wang, Yiyang Li and Shuyi Yan
Land 2025, 14(12), 2440; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14122440 - 17 Dec 2025
Viewed by 236
Abstract
Against the backdrop of accelerating population aging, urban green spaces have become primary venues for elderly daily activities, with their winter thermal comfort emerging as a critical determinant of senior wellbeing. However, existing studies lack quantitative guidelines on how plant characteristics affect thermal [...] Read more.
Against the backdrop of accelerating population aging, urban green spaces have become primary venues for elderly daily activities, with their winter thermal comfort emerging as a critical determinant of senior wellbeing. However, existing studies lack quantitative guidelines on how plant characteristics affect thermal comfort, limiting age-friendly design. Thirty representative landscape space sites (waterfront, square, dense forest, and sparse forest) in Beijing’s Zizhuyuan and Taoranting Parks were analyzed through microclimate measurements, 716 questionnaires, and scoring evaluations, supplemented by PET field data and ENVI-met simulations. A scoring system was developed based on tree density, plant traits (height, crown spread), and spatial features (canopy closure, structure, enclosure, and evergreen coverage). Key findings: (1) Sparse forests showed the best overall thermal comfort. Square building spaces were objectively comfortable but subjectively poor, while waterfront spaces showed the opposite. Dense forests performed worst in both aspects. (2) Wind speed and humidity were key drivers of both subjective and objective thermal comfort, and differences in plant configurations and landscape space types shaped how these factors were perceived. (3) Differentiated optimal scoring thresholds exist across the four landscape space types: waterfront (74 points), square building (52 points), sparse forest (61 points), and dense forest (88 points). (4) The landscape space design prioritizes sparse forest spaces, with moderate retention of waterfront and square areas and a reduction in dense forest zones. Optimization should proceed by first controlling enclosure and shading, then adjusting canopy closure and evergreen ratio, and finally refining tree traits to improve winter thermal comfort for the elderly. This study provides quantitative evidence and optimization strategies for improving both subjective and objective thermal comfort under diverse plant configurations. Full article
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19 pages, 650 KB  
Article
Searching for the Park Effect: An Analysis of Land Use Change and Ecosystem Service Flows in National Parks in Italy
by Davide Marino, Antonio Barone, Margherita Palmieri, Angelo Marucci, Vincenzo Giaccio and Silvia Pili
Land 2025, 14(11), 2163; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14112163 - 30 Oct 2025
Viewed by 792
Abstract
Protected areas play a fundamental role in the implementation of international environmental strategies in order to ensure effective management systems that support the conservation of biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services. However, the actual capacity of national parks to generate a specific [...] Read more.
Protected areas play a fundamental role in the implementation of international environmental strategies in order to ensure effective management systems that support the conservation of biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services. However, the actual capacity of national parks to generate a specific “park effect” remains an open question. This study aims to assess whether the transformations observed in Italian national parks between 1960 and 2018 can be attributed to a specific park effect or are instead the result of other territorial dynamics. We analyzed long-term changes in land use and land cover (LUMCs) and variations in ecosystem services (ES), both inside and outside park boundaries, taking into account the SNAI classification. The results show a significant expansion of forest areas (+52%) and sparse vegetation (+56%), alongside a marked decline in arable land (−60%) and permanent crops (−26%). At the same time, the overall value of ES remains stable at around EUR 4 billion per year, with regulating services—accounting for 80% of the total—increasing by 20% between 1960 and 2018 and provisioning services declining by 41%. Italy’s national parks represent strategic socioecological laboratories capable of generating benefits both locally and globally. To fully realize this potential, more integrated management is needed, enabling their transformation from mere conservation areas to drivers of territorial resilience and social cohesion. Full article
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