Urban Planning for a Sustainable Future

A Special Issue of Land (ISSN 2073-445X) belonging to the section "Land Planning and Landscape Architecture".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 5931

Editors

Department of Urban Architecture and Waterscapes, Faculty of Architecture, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
Interests: parametric & algorithmic design; artificial intelligence in architectural design; computational design workflows; heritage conservation through digital technologies; 15-minute city framework; participatory co-creation with digital tools; digital planning innovations; climate-resilient design
Department of Architecture and Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7034 Trondheim, Norway
Interests: architecture and planning; participatory planning; bottom-up approach to policy making and urban planning; multi-stakeholder co-creation; digital participatory design and planning; heritage conservation; disaster risk management; climate risk management; climate action planning

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Guest Editor
Institute for Materials Technology, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
Interests: architectural materials; built environment sustainability; materials for energy; digital impact assessment for the built environment; digital twins; VR/AR tools for co-creation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
School of the Built Environment, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
Interests: XR technologies for the co-creation of sustainable neighbourhoods and cities; urban design; 15 minutes city in urban planning and design; building information modelling; digital participatory design and planning; cultural heritage

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cities worldwide are being challenged to decarbonize, adapt to climate change, and reverse widening social inequities while sustaining economic vitality. In this context, the “15-minute city” (15mC) has emerged as a powerful, people-centered planning paradigm. The concept proposes that every resident should be able to reach six essential functions—living, working, commerce, healthcare, education, and leisure—within a 15-minute walk or cycle from home.

Growing evidence highlights the multiple co-benefits of proximity planning. Empirical studies suggest that shorter trip distances can result in lower household transportation costs. Walkable, amenity-rich neighborhoods foster local economic activity, enhance mental and physical health, and strengthen social cohesion. These advantages have prompted cities, from Paris to Melbourne, to embed the 15mC in their post-COVID recovery strategies and climate action plans.

Despite this momentum, implementation knowledge remains fragmented, particularly in areas such as stakeholder co-creation, property owner engagement, and context-specific adaptation. By synthesizing the theoretical foundations, empirical benefits, and cutting-edge experimentation of the 15mC, this Special Issue aims to advance both scholarly and practical understanding of how proximity-oriented urbanism can accelerate sustainable, resilient, and inclusive city futures.

The goal of this Special Issue is to collect papers (original research articles and review papers) to give insights into sustainable urban transitions through 15-minute city implementation, participatory planning methodologies, and community-centered approaches to urban development. This Special Issue directly aligns with the updated aims and scope of the Land journal, which emphasizes urban contexts, urban planning, and urban-rural interactions as core areas of focus.

The Land journal's mission encompasses land system science, landscape research, and urban studies with particular attention to sustainability transitions and social-ecological system research. The Special Issue will contribute to advancing knowledge on how cities can transition toward more sustainable, resilient, and inclusive development patterns while maintaining strong connections to the journal's focus on landuse planning and urban interactions. The interdisciplinary nature of this research, spanning urban design, environmental planning, social sciences, and technology integration, aligns with the Land journal's commitment to cross-disciplinary approaches to understanding complex urban systems. By examining real-world implementation experiences from diverse European contexts, this Special Issue will provide both theoretical insights and practical guidance for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners working on sustainable urban development challenges.

This Special Issue will welcome manuscripts that link the following themes:

  1. 15-Minute City Implementation and Adaptation, Research examining how the 15-minute city concept can be adapted to different cultural, geographic, and urban contexts, including comparative analysis of implementation strategies, barriers, and success factors.
  2. Participatory Planning and Community Co-Creation, Studies on innovative methodologies for engaging diverse stakeholders in urban planning processes, including residents, property owners, municipalities, and marginalized communities, in collaborative decision-making.
  3. Digital Innovation in Urban Planning, Investigation of AR/VR technologies, digital visualization tools, and innovative city applications that enhance community engagement and support participatory design processes in urban transformation.
  4. Urban Living Labs and Experimental Governance, Research on Urban Living Lab methodologies, their effectiveness in testing urban innovations, and their role in facilitating sustainable urban transitions across different institutional and cultural contexts.
  5. Climate Adaptation and Urban Resilience, Studies examining how proximity-based planning approaches can enhance urban resilience to climate change, including nature-based solutions, green infrastructure, and climate-sensitive urban design.
  6. Sustainable Mobility and Active Transportation, Research on walkability, cycling infrastructure, public transportation integration, and the reduction in car dependency through proximity-oriented urban planning.
  7. Heritage-Led Urban Regeneration, Investigation of how historical and cultural preservation can be integrated with sustainable development principles, particularly in post-industrial and heritage-sensitive urban areas.
  8. Urban Policy and Governance Innovation, Research on policy frameworks, institutional arrangements, and governance mechanisms that support sustainable urban transitions and the implementation of proximity-based planning concepts.

We look forward to receiving your original research articles and reviews.

Dr. Jan Cudzik
Dr. Yu Wang
Dr. Javier Orozco-Messana
Dr. Avar Almukhtar
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Land is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sustainable urban mobility
  • green infrastructure and biodiversity
  • climate-resilient urban design
  • digital innovation for smart cities
  • heritage in transformation
  • nature-based solutions
  • governance for just transitions

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

29 pages, 3055 KB  
Article
Near-Complete Service Breadth, Uneven Local Travel: Mapping Provision–Travel Alignment Across Three Eastern Chinese Cities
by Decun Wu and He Yang
Land 2026, 15(9), 1737; https://doi.org/10.3390/land15091737 (registering DOI) - 17 Sep 2026
Abstract
Supply-side assessments show what services are available nearby, but not how far residents travel from home. We examine alignment between neighborhood service breadth and realized local travel across Shenzhen, Nanjing and Xuzhou using 93.5 million home-based weekday trips and point-of-interest (POI) data for [...] Read more.
Supply-side assessments show what services are available nearby, but not how far residents travel from home. We examine alignment between neighborhood service breadth and realized local travel across Shenzhen, Nanjing and Xuzhou using 93.5 million home-based weekday trips and point-of-interest (POI) data for 11,047 residential grids. Service breadth counts how many of the eight service categories are represented within 1 km; local travel is the percentage of home-based weekday trips no farther than 2 km. Because trips are not linked to POIs, this outcome measures travel proximity rather than verified service use. A high-breadth/low-local-travel screening group, identified using within-city percentile ranks, accounts for 19.3% of grids. Its mean breadth is close to that of aligned-high grids, but its short-trip share is about 19 percentage points lower. After adjustment for observed covariates and district fixed effects, each additional category is associated with a 0.30-percentage-point higher short-trip share, about 90% below the raw gradient. Among the city-specific trip-weighted estimates, only Nanjing’s is statistically distinguishable from zero. A joint test does not resolve whether the city slopes differ, and the pooled estimate should not be interpreted as a common association across all three cities. Count-sensitive scores also show positive pooled associations, but collinearity prevents separating the contributions of breadth and POI intensity. The framework identifies where independently measured provision and local travel diverge without establishing causality or service use. It provides a spatial diagnostic for further local investigation across the three eastern Chinese city contexts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Planning for a Sustainable Future)
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36 pages, 15746 KB  
Article
H3 Isochrones in the Context of the 15-Minute City
by Anca Ene, Ana-Cornelia Badea, Gheorghe Badea, Anca-Patricia Grădinaru and Cezar Alexandru Vlăduț
Land 2026, 15(9), 1728; https://doi.org/10.3390/land15091728 - 16 Sep 2026
Viewed by 56
Abstract
The 15-minute city concept has emerged as a framework for promoting more sustainable, inclusive, and accessible urban environments by enabling residents to reach essential daily services within a short distance from their homes. This study evaluates potential spatial accessibility to mapped points of [...] Read more.
The 15-minute city concept has emerged as a framework for promoting more sustainable, inclusive, and accessible urban environments by enabling residents to reach essential daily services within a short distance from their homes. This study evaluates potential spatial accessibility to mapped points of interest in the Berceni neighbourhood, a socialist-era residential district in southern Bucharest, Romania. Walking isochrones were generated through network analysis and subsequently indexed and aggregated using the H3 hierarchical spatial system at resolution 10. Accessibility was assessed for seven social functions using three weighting specifications: 1:1:1, 3:2:1, and 5:3:1. The final analysis included 520 mapped POIs and 8465 H3 resolution 10 cells. The results reveal broadly consistent spatial patterns across the three weighting specifications, although the weighting assumptions influence local scores, the extent of high-accessibility areas, and the relative ranking of individual H3 cells. Caring has the largest mapped opportunity count and broad spatial coverage, whereas working and governing are the least represented functions and display comparatively low potential accessibility in several parts of the neighbourhood. A function-targeted scenario involving the addition of a childcare centre in the south-western part of Berceni produces a local improvement in working accessibility but does not eliminate the wider functional deficit. The findings demonstrate the applicability of combining network-derived isochrones with H3-based spatial aggregation for neighbourhood-scale accessibility assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Planning for a Sustainable Future)
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29 pages, 25182 KB  
Article
Spatiotemporal Evolution and Nonlinear Explanatory Factors of Ecological–Economic Resilience Coordination: An XGBoost-SHAP Analysis of Two Major River Basins in China
by Zhenhao He, Jiexiao Wang, Jie Huang and Minzhe Du
Land 2026, 15(7), 1224; https://doi.org/10.3390/land15071224 - 7 Jul 2026
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 519
Abstract
Coordinating ecological protection with economic development has become essential for regional sustainability amid intensifying climate-related risks and growing economic uncertainty. This study investigates the coupling coordination between ecological resilience (EcR) and economic resilience (EnR) across 108 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt [...] Read more.
Coordinating ecological protection with economic development has become essential for regional sustainability amid intensifying climate-related risks and growing economic uncertainty. This study investigates the coupling coordination between ecological resilience (EcR) and economic resilience (EnR) across 108 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) and 76 cities in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) from 2005 to 2022. By combining the entropy weight method, coupling coordination degree (CCD) model, Dagum Gini coefficient, and XGBoost-SHAP framework, this study examines the temporal dynamics, spatial inequality, and explanatory factors of EcR–EnR coordination. The results show that CCD improved continuously in both regions. The YREB gradually moved into the moderate coordination stage, whereas the YRB remained at a low coordination level despite sustained progress. Spatially, both regions exhibited a downstream–midstream–upstream gradient, but the YREB showed more pronounced spatial differentiation, while the YRB displayed a more balanced improvement pattern, with higher-level coordination gradually shifting from downstream to midstream areas. Overall disparities in CCD narrowed in both regions. Decomposition results reveal that inter-regional differences were the main source of disparity in the YREB, whereas transvariation intensity contributed most to disparity in the YRB. Regarding explanatory factors, green technological innovation made the largest SHAP-based contribution to CCD in the YREB, while digital infrastructure development contributed most in the YRB, with substantial regional variation in factor contributions. By examining EcR–EnR coordination as a dual-resilience coordination process, this study provides basin-based empirical evidence on ecological–economic resilience coordination in two major Chinese river-basin regions. The findings further translate basin-scale coordination patterns into city-level planning and governance implications for land-use regulation, infrastructure layout, urban form, service distribution, and differentiated regional sustainability strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Planning for a Sustainable Future)
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30 pages, 6825 KB  
Article
Tourism Route Optimization of Scenic Areas Based on Floyd Path Algorithm: Taking Tianjin Changlu Salt Field as an Example
by Zikun Lin, Linlin Shan, Yang Liu, Long Zhang and Bin Yao
Land 2026, 15(3), 483; https://doi.org/10.3390/land15030483 - 17 Mar 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 749
Abstract
Sustainable tourist route design is a critical challenge in industrial heritage planning. While prior tourism routing algorithms predominantly minimize physical distance, and conventional heritage planning focuses on the static preservation of abandoned sites, both lack the multi-objective adaptability required for “living” industrial landscapes. [...] Read more.
Sustainable tourist route design is a critical challenge in industrial heritage planning. While prior tourism routing algorithms predominantly minimize physical distance, and conventional heritage planning focuses on the static preservation of abandoned sites, both lack the multi-objective adaptability required for “living” industrial landscapes. In such dynamic environments, active production, tourism, and ecological conservation intricately coexist. To address this gap, this study proposes a novel, data-driven route planning framework, taking the Tianjin Changlu Salt Field as a case study. The genuine novelty lies in integrating multi-objective network optimization with spatial design implementation. The site is abstracted into a topological network comprising 13 nodes and 19 edges. Multi-attribute edge weights—incorporating spatial distance, travel time, landscape attractiveness, and ecological sensitivity—are quantified using entropy weighting fused with subjective preferences. Using the Floyd–Warshall algorithm, three theme-based touring routes are generated. Unlike traditional methods, this workflow actively translates algorithmic outputs into concrete spatial strategies, such as bypassing ecologically sensitive zones and transforming production facilities into perceptible landscape nodes. Comparative evaluations demonstrate that these optimized routes achieve higher comprehensive utility than baseline and designer-generated schemes, offering a pioneering, reproducible paradigm for the sustainable renewal of living industrial heritage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Planning for a Sustainable Future)
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12 pages, 3305 KB  
Article
Spatial Decision Support System for Last-Mile Logistics: Optimization of Distribution Storage in Ciutat Vella (Valencia)
by Javier A. Bono Cremades, Raimon Calabuig Moreno and Javier Orozco-Messana
Land 2026, 15(1), 136; https://doi.org/10.3390/land15010136 - 9 Jan 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 727
Abstract
A key barrier to achieving sustainability in 15 minute cities is the efficiency of supply-chain logistics, particularly in historic urban districts characterized by dense and heritage-protected urban forms. This article presents a data-driven urban methodology to optimize last-mile logistics in Ciutat Vella (Valencia, [...] Read more.
A key barrier to achieving sustainability in 15 minute cities is the efficiency of supply-chain logistics, particularly in historic urban districts characterized by dense and heritage-protected urban forms. This article presents a data-driven urban methodology to optimize last-mile logistics in Ciutat Vella (Valencia, Spain). Within the ENACT 15 min cities project, a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) was developed, combining iterative geospatial adjustments to the logistics network under changing boundary conditions with a demand-estimation model derived from the Valencia open-data platform. Using cadastral and field-survey data, the workflow simulates and optimizes the selection of vacant commercial premises as urban logistics hubs. A genetic algorithm minimizes oversupply, maximizes demand coverage, and improves spatial balance. The methodology also estimates the resulting carbon footprint, demonstrating that the optimized configuration enhances sustainability and service efficiency in dense historic settings. The approach is generalized to other urban contexts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Planning for a Sustainable Future)
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29 pages, 4084 KB  
Article
Residents’ Satisfaction with Public Spaces in Old Urban Residential Communities: A PLS-SEM and IPMA-Based Case Study of Nankai District, Tianjin
by Jiahui Wang and Di Zhao
Land 2025, 14(12), 2363; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14122363 - 3 Dec 2025
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1663
Abstract
With the acceleration of urbanization, urban renewal and the renovation of old residential communities have become important measures to enhance the quality of cities and improve the living conditions of residents. How to scientifically identify and evaluate the environmental factors of public spaces [...] Read more.
With the acceleration of urbanization, urban renewal and the renovation of old residential communities have become important measures to enhance the quality of cities and improve the living conditions of residents. How to scientifically identify and evaluate the environmental factors of public spaces and their impacts from the perspective of residents’ demands and satisfaction remains an important issue that urgently needs to be addressed in the current research field. This research takes the urban renewal project in Tiantuo Area, Nankai District, Tianjin, as an example by using questionnaire surveys, PLS-SEM and IPMA, and other multivariate statistical analysis methods to systematically explore the influence mechanism factors such as space accessibility, spatial usability, spatial maintainability, environmental comfort, and site safety on residents’ satisfaction. These findings reveal the following: (1) Space Accessibility has a significant direct positive impact on residents’ satisfaction. (2) Emotional Perception plays a complete mediating role in the relationship between Site Safety and residents’ satisfaction. (3) Emotional Perception has a complementary mediating effect in the relationship between Space Usability, Space Maintainability, Environmental Comfort, and Resident Satisfaction. (4) The renovation of old urban residential communities should give priority to improving space maintainability, especially focusing on the green landscape maintenance status, life-supporting infrastructure maintenance degree, and the maintenance status of entertainment and fitness facilities. Secondly, the space accessibility should be optimized and improved. In the future, in terms of the Physical Space, we should focus on the rationality of road network layout and strengthen the maintenance and management of public facilities. In terms of the Perceptional Space, the flatness of pavement should be optimized and the construction of security systems should be strengthened. In terms of the Psychological Status, a multi-party resident participation mechanism can be established to encourage residents to participate in the decision-making and construction of community public affair. As has been noted, this research quantitatively analyzed the key factors influencing residents’ satisfaction and their respective impact intensities and proposed prioritized and targeted optimization strategies for the existing situation. The research results are expected to provide a theoretical basis and practical decision-making reference for the optimization of public space environmental quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Planning for a Sustainable Future)
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