Rural Social Movements and the Question of the Land in the 21st Century

A special issue of Land (ISSN 2073-445X). This special issue belongs to the section "Land Socio-Economic and Political Issues".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2026) | Viewed by 12129

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Agriculture, Society and Environment, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Chiapas, Mexico
2. Postgraduate Program in Territorial Development in Latin America and the Caribbean (TerritoriAL), Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
3. Graduate Program in Sociology (PPGS), Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, Brazil
4. Puey Ungphakorn School of Development Studies, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
5. Social Research Institute (CUSRI), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Interests: peasant studies; social movements; agroecology; food sovereignty; agrarian reform; defense of land and territory
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the third decade of the 21st century, rural social movements in virtually all countries confront a complex nexus of threats to their modes of living, ranging from climate change and land grabbing, industrial agriculture, and the production of unhealthy food, their incorporation on unfavorable terms into agrifood value chains, organized crime, institutional attacks on shifting cultivation/rotational farming and other traditional livelihoods, the expansion of extractive capitalist industries like mining, the so-called “green economy,” nature reserves as a tool of dis-placement of peoples, wars and other armed conflicts, land privatization and parcelization, the construction of economic corridors and other megaprojects in their territories, damns, solar parks and wind farms, etcetera. These movements have been forced to constantly update their analyses of a rapidly changing world, as partially documented by the Guest Editor of this Special Issue [1]. At the same time, they engage in on-going processes to build territorial, autonomous, emancipatory alternatives under the broad umbrella concept of “re-peasantization” [2,3]. These include agroecology, food sovereignty, territorial autonomy, local, territorial markets, autonomous education, etc., and are guided by the leadership and protagonism of peasants, indigenous people, fishermen, nomadic pastoralists, forest peoples, the landless, rural workers, rural women, and peasant and indigenous youth [4,5]. Together, they put forth a broad range of alternatives to help humanity confront the civilizational and planetary poly-crisis of capitalism, including the climate, environmental, social, food, spiritual, and health crises.

The goal of this Special Issue is to collect papers (original research articles and review papers) to give insights about the diverse strategies employed by rural social movements in addressing the multifaceted challenges posed by the 21st century's complex nexus of threats and crises. We seek to understand how these movements are redefining "re-peasantization" as a comprehensive response to climate change, land dispossession, and the commodification of food, advocating for a sustainable and equitable future that centers on agroecology, food sovereignty, agrarian reform and the defense of land and territory, and territorial autonomy.

This Special Issue will welcome manuscripts that link the following and related themes:

  • Land grabbing and the defense of land and territory;
  • Agroecology and food sovereignty;
  • Territorial autonomy;
  • Peasants and indigenous people;
  • Rural social movements.

We look forward to receiving your original research articles and reviews.

[1] Rosset, P. (2013). Re-thinking agrarian reform, land and territory in La Via Campesina. Journal of Peasant Studies, 40(4): 721-775.

[2] Ule Muñoz, C.L., & Rosset, P.M. (2022). Repeasantization and its territorial expressions. Revista NERA, 25(64): 180-202.

[3] van der Ploeg, J.D. (2018). The New Peasantries: Rural Development in Times of Globalization. Second Edition. London: Earthscan.

[4] Giraldo, O. F., & Rosset, P. M. (2022). Emancipatory agroecologies: social and political principles. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 50(3), 820–850.

[5] Rosset, P., & Barbosa, L.P. (2021). Peasant autonomy: The necessary debate in Latin America. Interface: A Journal on Social Movements, 13(1), 46-80.

Dr. Peter Rosset
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • rural social movements
  • agroecology
  • land grabbing and the defense of land and territory
  • food sovereignty
  • peasant and indigenous autonomy
  • land and territory
  • peasants and indigenous people

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 2069 KB  
Article
Naming as Resistance: Nahuatl Toponymy and Territorial Dispossession in San Antonio Cacalotepec, Mexico
by Melissa Schumacher, Andrea Galindo-Torres, Laura Romero and Sarah Herrejón-Montes
Land 2026, 15(1), 176; https://doi.org/10.3390/land15010176 - 16 Jan 2026
Viewed by 1178
Abstract
The Indigenous community of San Antonio Cacalotepec, located in the region of Cholula in central Mexico, has been an active witness to territorial dispossession at the hands of powerful real estate capital. This small territory—where clean water once flowed, milpas and nopales were [...] Read more.
The Indigenous community of San Antonio Cacalotepec, located in the region of Cholula in central Mexico, has been an active witness to territorial dispossession at the hands of powerful real estate capital. This small territory—where clean water once flowed, milpas and nopales were cultivated, and Nahuatl was the everyday language—has now become the epicenter of predatory capitalism, manifested in gated communities, commercial zones, and exclusive residential developments. As a result, the original settlement and its small landholders have been segregated and excluded from the promises of modernity and progress. Nevertheless, in this last enclave, where traces of Nahuatl can still be heard, an Indigenous awareness has emerged, reclaiming identity and the right to continue naming the territory that has been lost as their own. Within this context, fieldwork carried out by the co-research group Colectiva Hilando Territorios has led to a series of community workshops with women from San Antonio Cacalotepec, together with architecture and anthropology students from Universidad de las Américas Puebla. These workshops mapped how Cacalotepec looked before massive urbanization and documented the toponyms in the Nahuatl language. The aim has been to make visible the memory of a living territory that persists, and that, despite the sale of exclusive, car-oriented commercial and residential spaces, is continually re-signified by the community as part of its identity and collective belonging in the face of dispossession. Full article
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21 pages, 1545 KB  
Article
Mapping Agroecology Networks in Burkina Faso: Governance Challenges and Pathways for Transition
by Yasmina Tega, Hycenth Tim Ndah, Eveline Sawadogo/Compaoré, Jean-Marie Dipama and Johannes Schuler
Land 2025, 14(12), 2300; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14122300 - 21 Nov 2025
Viewed by 1006
Abstract
Agroecology is recognized as a resilient agricultural system amid the ecological crisis, but also as a social movement working towards better livelihoods for farmers. In Burkina Faso, the dynamics among actors promoting agroecology are not well understood. Effective governance of the agroecological transition [...] Read more.
Agroecology is recognized as a resilient agricultural system amid the ecological crisis, but also as a social movement working towards better livelihoods for farmers. In Burkina Faso, the dynamics among actors promoting agroecology are not well understood. Effective governance of the agroecological transition necessitates a deeper comprehension of the interactions and networks involved. This study aims to identify, characterize, and analyze local actors and their networks to enhance governance for agroecological transition, focusing on two north and south-west regions of Burkina Faso to highlight regional differences. Using the Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems (AKIS) as a conceptual framework, we conducted a literature review and facilitated focus group discussions during a workshop with stakeholders. Key participants include farmers, service providers, researchers, policymakers, NGOs, and organizations, which engage in political and technical interactions. The results show that the governance landscape is fragmented with public policies at both strategic and operational levels failing to effectively engage mainstream actors or translate into actionable support for agroecological practices. To transition agroecology from a fragmented niche to a widely adopted system, there is a critical need for consistent support for farmers, including knowledge sharing, networking opportunities, and marketing strategies. Full article
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19 pages, 7617 KB  
Article
Reclaiming Territory Through Housing: Afro-Colombian Rural Movements and the Ethnogenesis of Habitat in the Post-Conflict Caribbean
by Daniel Huertas Nadal
Land 2025, 14(10), 2006; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14102006 - 7 Oct 2025
Viewed by 1363
Abstract
This article explores how Afro-Colombian rural communities in the Caribbean region reclaim their territorial rights through the social construction of habitat. Drawing on four years of participatory action research with the Ma-Majarí Community Council in El Níspero, Montes de María, the study analyzes [...] Read more.
This article explores how Afro-Colombian rural communities in the Caribbean region reclaim their territorial rights through the social construction of habitat. Drawing on four years of participatory action research with the Ma-Majarí Community Council in El Níspero, Montes de María, the study analyzes how traditional housing practices—rooted in ancestral knowledge, oral traditions, and collective memory—function as tools of cultural affirmation, political resistance, and re-peasantization in a post-conflict context. The research highlights the strategic role of Life Plans (Planes de Vida) as instruments of self-governance and territorial justice, challenging extractive development models and institutional neglect. Through visual ethnography, architectural surveys, and community-led housing initiatives, the study reveals how Afro-rural architecture embodies autonomy, resilience, and the right to remain in territory. Housing is not merely a physical structure but a living system of identity, memory, and future-making. This work contributes to broader debates on rural social movements, ethnodevelopment, and post-conflict reconstruction, proposing an architecture of recognition that centers cultural specificity and community agency. Full article
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33 pages, 352 KB  
Article
Kok Edoi: Emblematic Case of Peasant Autonomy and Re-Peasantization in the Struggle for Land in Thailand
by Weeraboon Wisartsakul, Peter Michael Rosset, Lia Pinheiro Barbosa and Sumana Suwan-Umpa
Land 2025, 14(9), 1726; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14091726 - 26 Aug 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3213
Abstract
We document and analyze an emblematic case study of non-indigenous peasant autonomy and re-peasantization in Sa Kaeo province in the Issan region of Thailand, using a mostly qualitative, single case-study methodology. The Kok Edoi autonomous community, whose members engage in community forest management [...] Read more.
We document and analyze an emblematic case study of non-indigenous peasant autonomy and re-peasantization in Sa Kaeo province in the Issan region of Thailand, using a mostly qualitative, single case-study methodology. The Kok Edoi autonomous community, whose members engage in community forest management and increasingly in agroecological farming, was founded more than twenty-five years ago as the product of a land occupation by landless peasants associated with the national Thai social movement, the Assembly of the Poor (AoP), which is part of the global peasant movement, La Via Campesina (LVC). Partially inspired by opportunities given to the community and to AoP by LVC to learn and gain inspiration from Latin American experiences such as the Zapatistas in Mexico, Kok Edoi autonomy exemplifies how the exchange of social movement knowledge and experience can help shape and strengthen local struggles, and it is also suggestive of autonomy as an alternative pathway of resistance and sustainable development in Thailand. We review the literature on territorial autonomy, re-peasantization, and community forestry and autonomy in Thailand and the world. Situating Kok Edoi in Thai history concerning policies and conflicts around land and forests, we examine the type, dimensions, and facets of autonomy and re-peasantization present in Kok Edoi to demonstrate how these factors contribute to the community being considered an emblematic case of peasant autonomy, peasant land occupation, peasant management of and livelihood derived from natural resources, more autonomous alternative markets, collective accumulation, and political training and mobilization that contributes to a class-based national movement. This is novel in an academic literature that has to date focused principally on indigenous autonomy, largely in Latin America. Full article
26 pages, 339 KB  
Article
From the Agrarian Question to the Territorial Question: Green Grabbing and the Corridors of Extractivist Dispossession in Latin America
by Lia Pinheiro Barbosa and Luciana Nogueira Nóbrega
Land 2025, 14(5), 1104; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14051104 - 19 May 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3420
Abstract
The article aims to analyze the contemporary forms of territorial dispossession that stem from the energy transition, especially those related to free trade corridors and green grabbing in the context of Latin America. To do this, we describe the reconfigurations of contemporary capitalism [...] Read more.
The article aims to analyze the contemporary forms of territorial dispossession that stem from the energy transition, especially those related to free trade corridors and green grabbing in the context of Latin America. To do this, we describe the reconfigurations of contemporary capitalism for territorializing capital in the geopolitical context of Latin America. At the same time, we argue how the territories of Latin America became strategically relevant for the expanded reproduction of capital in contemporary times. We also shed light on the centrality of free trade agreements and the corridors of extractivist dispossession as a turning point in the expansion—relating to the spectrum of hegemonic and imperialist domination of capital—of legal state frameworks for regulating and justifying full access to the neo-extractivist exploitation of Global South territories. Finally, we show that the “energy transition” supports green grabbing—that is, a new model not just of land grabbing, but rather of comprehensive territorial grabbing, since it means the expropriation of subterranean, maritime, wind, solar, and land territory. Full article
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