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Retinopathy: Causes, Treatment, Outcomes
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Retinopathy: Causes, Treatment, Outcomes

A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanisms of Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2023) | Viewed by 5089

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Zizhong Hu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Interests: retinopathy; pathogenesis; treatment; biomarker; diabetic retinopathy; age-related macular degeneration

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The retina is a light-sensing tissue that lines the back of the eye. Retinal diseases, the leading causes of vision loss and blindness, are associated with complicated pathogeneses such as angiogenesis, inflammation, immune regulation, fibrous proliferation, and neurodegeneration. However, questions remain concerning what triggers retinopathy and what obstructs the therapeutical effect of retinal diseases, as well as what changes occur in these individual cells and how they interplay with each other in diseased retinal microenvironment. Recently, the development of new biological techniques, such as single-cell and exosomal sequencing has shed light on explicating pathogenesis of the retinopathy.

In the last few decades, great achievements have been made in the pharmacotherapy and surgery of retinal diseases. Anti-VEGF therapy has been an effective choice for ocular neovascularization, yet there are novel agents targeting dual- or multi-factors to come. Scientists have also found promising results regarding novel therapies, such as stem cell therapy, gene therapy, and exosome-based therapeutics for treatment of retinal disease.

In this article collection, we hope to highlight recent advances contributing to our understanding of the cause, treatment, and outcomes of retinal diseases. We will accept both original research and reviews on, but not limited to, the following subjects:

  • Screening methods and new imaging techniques to improve early detection of retinopathy;
  • New findings of the retinal pathogenesis process, such as angiogenesis, inflammation, immune regulation, fibrous proliferation, and neurodegeneration;
  • Imaging or biological biomarkers for early detection or outcome prediction of retinopathy;
  • Pharmacotherapy, surgery, or stem-cell and gene therapy for retinal diseases.

Dr. Zizhong Hu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Personalized Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • retinopathy
  • pathogenesis
  • treatment
  • biomarker
  • diabetic retinopathy
  • age-related macular degeneration

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 1498 KiB  
Article
Effect of Intravitreal Conbercept Injection on Complications of Pars Plana Vitrectomy in Patients with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
by Yuzhi Ding, Na Su, Jie Luan, Yan Ni and Zilin Sun
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(4), 572; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13040572 - 23 Mar 2023
Viewed by 966
Abstract
Background: The effect of intravitreal conbercept (IVC) before pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) on surgical complications in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) was observed. Methods: A total of 152 patients with PDR operated on in Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital from November 2019 to [...] Read more.
Background: The effect of intravitreal conbercept (IVC) before pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) on surgical complications in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) was observed. Methods: A total of 152 patients with PDR operated on in Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital from November 2019 to November 2020 were divided into two groups: 124 patients in the preoperative intravitreal conbercept injection + PPV group (IVC group) and 28 patients in the PPV only group (No-IVC group). Vitreous samples were collected in all eyes of patients who underwent vitrectomy, and the content of VEGF-A was measured by Luminex. The effect of conbercept on intraoperative and postoperative complications of PDR was assessed. Results: The content of VEGF in the vitreous of the IVC group was significantly lower than that in the No-IVC group (64.50 ± 58.40 pg/mL vs. 805.17 ± 417.60 pg/mL, p < 0.001). During postoperative follow-up, early postoperative vitreous hemorrhage (VH) occurred in 13 of 142 eyes (9.15%). Compared with the No-IVC group, PDR patients with VH and fibrovascular membrane (FVM) or high complexity in the IVC group had lower intraoperative bleeding rates (p < 0.05). The early postoperative hemorrhage rate in the IVC group was lower than in the No-IVC group (6.03% vs. 23.08%, p < 0.05). The number of intraoperative electrocoagulation and iatrogenic retinal holes in the IVC group was significantly lower than in the No-IVC group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in intraocular hypertension and NVG numbers between the two groups. Visual acuity in both groups improved after PPV surgery, reaching the highest level in the 3rd month after the operation. Conclusions: IVC before PPV can reduce the level of VEGF-A in the vitreous body and reduce surgical complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Retinopathy: Causes, Treatment, Outcomes)
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10 pages, 1788 KiB  
Article
Microvascular Alterations of Peripapillary Choriocapillaris in Young Adult High Myopia Detected by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
by Jie Lei, Yuanyuan Fan, Yan Wu, Songtao Yuan, Yurong Ye, Kun Huang, Qiang Chen, Bin Yang and Ping Xie
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(2), 289; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13020289 - 04 Feb 2023
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Abstract
(1) Background: The microstructural alterations of the peripapillary choriocapillaris in high myopes remain elusive. Here, we used optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to explore factors involved in these alterations. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional control study included 205 young adults’ eyes (95 [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The microstructural alterations of the peripapillary choriocapillaris in high myopes remain elusive. Here, we used optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to explore factors involved in these alterations. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional control study included 205 young adults’ eyes (95 with high myopia and 110 with mild to moderate myopia). The choroidal vascular network was imaged using OCTA, and the images underwent manual adjustments to determine the peripapillary atrophy (PPA)-β zone and microvascular dropout (MvD). The area of MvD and the PPA-β zone, spherical equivalent (SE), and axial length (AL) were collected and compared across groups. (3) Results: The MvD was identified in 195 eyes (95.1%). Highly myopic eyes exhibited a significantly greater area for the PPA-β zone (1.221 ± 0.073 vs. 0.562 ± 0.383 mm2, p = 0.001) and MvD (0.248 ± 0.191 vs. 0.089 ± 0.082 mm2, p < 0.001) compared with mildly to moderately myopic eyes, and a lower average density in the choriocapillaris. Linear regression analysis showed that the MvD area correlated with age, SE, AL, and the PPA-β area (all p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: This study found that MvDs represent choroidal microvascular alterations in young-adult high myopes, which were correlated with age, SE, AL, and the PPA-β zone. In this disorder, OCTA is important for characterizing the underlying pathophysiological adaptations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Retinopathy: Causes, Treatment, Outcomes)
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18 pages, 6994 KiB  
Article
Microglia-Derived Spp1 Promotes Pathological Retinal Neovascularization via Activating Endothelial Kit/Akt/mTOR Signaling
by Qian Bai, Xin Wang, Hongxiang Yan, Lishi Wen, Ziyi Zhou, Yating Ye, Yutong Jing, Yali Niu, Liang Wang, Zifeng Zhang, Jingbo Su, Tianfang Chang, Guorui Dou, Yusheng Wang and Jiaxing Sun
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(1), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13010146 - 11 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2681
Abstract
Pathological retinal neovascularization (RNV) is the main character of ischemic ocular diseases, which causes severe visual impairments. Though retinal microglia are well acknowledged to play important roles in both physiological and pathological angiogenesis, the molecular mechanisms by which microglia communicates with endothelial cells [...] Read more.
Pathological retinal neovascularization (RNV) is the main character of ischemic ocular diseases, which causes severe visual impairments. Though retinal microglia are well acknowledged to play important roles in both physiological and pathological angiogenesis, the molecular mechanisms by which microglia communicates with endothelial cells (EC) remain unknown. In this study, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we revealed that the pro-inflammatory secreted protein Spp1 was the most upregulated gene in microglia in the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Bioinformatic analysis showed that the expression of Spp1 in microglia was respectively regulated via nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) pathways, which was further confirmed through in vitro assays using BV2 microglia cell line. To mimic microglia-EC communication, the bEnd.3 endothelial cell line was cultured with conditional medium (CM) from BV2. We found that adding recombinant Spp1 to bEnd.3 as well as treating with hypoxic BV2 CM significantly enhanced EC proliferation and migration, while Spp1 neutralizing blocked those CM-induced effects. Moreover, RNA sequencing of BV2 CM-treated bEnd.3 revealed a significant downregulation of Kit, one of the type III tyrosine kinase receptors that plays a critical role in cell growth and activation. We further revealed that Spp1 increased phosphorylation and expression level of Akt/mTOR signaling cascade, which might account for its pro-angiogenic effects. Finally, we showed that intravitreal injection of Spp1 neutralizing antibody attenuated pathological RNV and improved visual function. Taken together, our work suggests that Spp1 mediates microglia-EC communication in RNV via activating endothelial Kit/Akt/mTOR signaling and is a potential target to treat ischemic ocular diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Retinopathy: Causes, Treatment, Outcomes)
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