Fungal Immunology and Vaccinology, 2nd Edition

A Special Issue of Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2026) | Viewed by 1823

Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
Interests: fungal immunology; fungal vaccines; host defenses against fungi; cryptococcosis; aspergillosis; candidiasis; mucormycosis; dimorphic fungi
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Immunosuppression is a major risk factor for invasive fungal infections, which claim the lives of nearly 4 million people annually. Yet, despite this high mortality, there are no approved human fungal vaccines. The spectrum of immunosuppressants in clinical use continues to broaden, bringing new and often unpredictable risks of mycoses. Fungal pathogens are increasingly endangering non-human animal populations and creating food insecurity by attacking plants. The host uses innate, adaptive, and trained immune pathways to protect itself against fungal invasion, while fungi have strategies to evade antifungal defenses. Improving our understanding of fungal immunology and developing vaccines and immunotherapeutic agents promise to reduce the direct and indirect global burden of fungal infections.

This Special Issue aims to highlight advances in the immunology and vaccinology of fungal diseases through comprehensive reviews, original studies, and novel perspectives.

Prof. Dr. Stuart M. Levitz
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • fungal immunology
  • fungal vaccines
  • host defenses against fungi
  • cryptococcosis
  • aspergillosis
  • candidiasis
  • mucormycosis
  • dimorphic fungi

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 1305 KB  
Article
Vaccine-Mediated Protection of Mice Against African and Asian Clinical Strains of Cryptococcus neoformans
by Diana Carlson, Ruiying Wang, Zachary Hastings, Lorena V. N. Oliveira, Maureen M. Hester, Nicolle Rodriguez, Gabriel Kristian Pedersen, Jennifer L. Tenor, John R. Perfect, Charles A. Specht and Stuart M. Levitz
J. Fungi 2025, 11(12), 886; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11120886 - 16 Dec 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1106
Abstract
Infections with strains of the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex are responsible for over 100,000 deaths per year, predominantly due to meningitis in immunocompromised individuals. Despite much research, there are no licensed fungal vaccines available. Most experimental cryptococcal vaccine formulations have been tested in [...] Read more.
Infections with strains of the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex are responsible for over 100,000 deaths per year, predominantly due to meningitis in immunocompromised individuals. Despite much research, there are no licensed fungal vaccines available. Most experimental cryptococcal vaccine formulations have been tested in preclinical models using laboratory strains of C. neoformans, particularly H99 and KN99. However, to be effective, vaccines need to protect against the wide variety of cryptococcal isolates found worldwide, particularly in regions that have the highest burden of infections. Therefore, we explored vaccine-mediated protection of BALB/c mice against experimental cryptococcosis due to six C. neoformans strains originally isolated from patients with cryptococcal meningitis in Vietnam, Uganda, and Botswana. Two vaccines were tested: a live-attenuated C. neoformans vaccine lacking three chitin deacetylase genes, and a quadrivalent subunit protein vaccine adjuvanted with Cationic Adjuvant Formulation 01. When compared to unvaccinated mice, both vaccines provided significant protection against all six clinical strains. However, the degree of protection varied as a function of vaccine formulation and clinical strain. Lung leukocytes from vaccinated and infected mice had significantly increased antigen-stimulated interferon-gamma production compared with infected but unvaccinated mice. Thus, although the degree of protection varied, two cryptococcal vaccines significantly protected mice against experimental infection with cryptococcal strains representative of regions of the world that account for the majority of cryptococcal meningitis cases found globally. These data provide preclinical support for trialing vaccines in persons at high risk for developing cryptococcosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fungal Immunology and Vaccinology, 2nd Edition)
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