Epidemiology of Invasive Fungal Disease

A special issue of Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X). This special issue belongs to the section "Fungal Pathogenesis and Disease Control".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 1816

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Guest Editor
Microbiology Unit, Hospital Guglielmo da Saliceto, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
Interests: pathology; diagnostics; infectious diseases
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fungal pathogens and infections are increasing all over the world and emerging as a global public health concern. Patients who develop invasive fungal infections generally have host defense impairment due to different reasons, including underlying health problems or a weakened immune system due to chronic lung disease, prior tuberculosis (TB), HIV, cancer, diabetes mellitus, or being critically ill patients in an intensive care unit. However, the at-risk population continues to expand due to many factors, including advancements in modern medicine and accessibility to therapies and interventions that impair the immune system, such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy for cancer, as well as solid organ transplantation. New groups at risk of IFD are constantly being identified, as was demonstrated by our global COVID-19 pandemic experience, in the same way that new pathogenic fungi are continuously being reported and new epidemiological landscapes are possible around the world. In this Special Issue, we will collect research on the actual global scenario of the epidemiology of invasive fungal disease related to the different at-risk populations or related to specific local outbreaks. Attention to antimicrobial resistance would also be an issue of epidemiologic concern.

Dr. Giuliana Lo Cascio
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 4287 KiB  
Article
Design of a Multi-Epitope Vaccine against Histoplasma capsulatum through Immunoinformatics Approaches
by Pedro Henrique Marques, Sandeep Tiwari, Andrei Giacchetto Felice, Arun Kumar Jaiswal, Flávia Figueira Aburjaile, Vasco Azevedo, Mario León Silva-Vergara, Kennio Ferreira-Paim, Siomar de Castro Soares and Fernanda Machado Fonseca
J. Fungi 2024, 10(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10010043 - 5 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1593
Abstract
Histoplasmosis is a widespread systemic disease caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, prevalent in the Americas. Despite its significant morbidity and mortality rates, no vaccines are currently available. Previously, five vaccine targets and specific epitopes for H. capsulatum were identified. Immunoinformatics has emerged as [...] Read more.
Histoplasmosis is a widespread systemic disease caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, prevalent in the Americas. Despite its significant morbidity and mortality rates, no vaccines are currently available. Previously, five vaccine targets and specific epitopes for H. capsulatum were identified. Immunoinformatics has emerged as a novel approach for determining the main immunogenic components of antigens through in silico methods. Therefore, we predicted the main helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes and B-cell epitopes for these targets to create a potential multi-epitope vaccine known as HistoVAC-TSFM. A total of 38 epitopes were found: 23 common to CTL and B-cell responses, 11 linked to HTL and B cells, and 4 previously validated epitopes associated with the B subunit of cholera toxin, a potent adjuvant. In silico evaluations confirmed the stability, non-toxicity, non-allergenicity, and non-homology of these vaccines with the host. Notably, the vaccine exhibited the potential to trigger both innate and adaptive immune responses, likely involving the TLR4 pathway, as supported by 3D modeling and molecular docking. The designed HistoVAC-TSFM appears promising against Histoplasma, with the ability to induce important cytokines, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL17, and IL6. Future studies could be carried out to test the vaccine’s efficacy in in vivo models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology of Invasive Fungal Disease)
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