Coupled Dynamics and Resilience of Floating Offshore Renewable Energy Systems

A Special Issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312) belonging to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 January 2027 | Viewed by 981

Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Engineering and Architecture, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
Interests: offshore renewable energy; floating offshore wind turbines; numerical and analytical modelling; computational fluid dynamics; fluid-structure interaction; hybrid wave and wind systems; energy storage integration
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Guest Editor
School of Engineering and Architecture, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
Interests: ocean energy (resource assessment, impact assessment, development of wave energy converters, combined wave and wind systems); coastal structures (breakwaters) and processes (estuarine hydraulics, beach morphodynamics)

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Guest Editor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
Interests: renewable energy systems; offshore structures and integrity management; design, modelling, and the application of AI-driven solutions; maritime operations optimization; predictive maintenance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Floating offshore renewable energy systems operate through strongly coupled interactions among aerodynamic and hydrodynamic loads, structural responses, mooring systems, control actions, and power conversion processes. These interactions become particularly important under changing environmental and operational conditions, where local disturbances may propagate across subsystems and affect overall performance, adaptability, and resilience. Advancing the understanding of such coupled behaviour is therefore essential for the development of more robust, efficient, and reliable floating energy technologies.

This Special Issue welcomes original research articles and review papers on the coupled dynamics and resilience of floating offshore renewable energy systems. Contributions may address theoretical, numerical, experimental, and data-driven approaches, with particular emphasis on multi-physics interactions, system-level responses, uncertainty, extreme conditions, and adaptive operation.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

Floating offshore wind turbines;
Wave energy converters and hybrid offshore energy systems;
Aerodynamic–hydrodynamic–structural coupling;
Mooring and station-keeping dynamics;
Nonlinear and transient responses;
Extreme and abnormal operating conditions;
System identification, monitoring, and digital twins;
Robust, adaptive, and fault-tolerant control;
Reliability, resilience, and lifecycle performance;
Model validation, uncertainty quantification, and optimization.

The aim is to provide a focused platform for advancing integrated understanding and design methods for next-generation floating offshore renewable energy systems.

Dr. Qingsong Liu
Prof. Dr. Jose Gregorio Iglesias Rodriguez
Prof. Dr. Musa Bashir
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • floating offshore renewable energy systems
  • floating offshore wind turbines
  • wave energy converters
  • floating photovoltaic systems
  • hybrid offshore energy systems
  • coupled multi-physics dynamics
  • fluid–structure interaction
  • mooring and station-keeping dynamics
  • resilient design and operation
  • offshore hydrogen production and energy storage

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 2591 KB  
Article
Crashworthiness and Impact Resilience of Offshore Wind Turbines Protected by Honeycomb Sandwich Fenders
by Kunpeng Liu, Haoda Huang, Wanyong Zhang, Wanfu Zhang and Chun Li
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2026, 14(16), 1509; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14161509 - 15 Aug 2026
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Abstract
Owing to transportation, installation, grid-connection, and maintenance requirements, nearshore offshore wind farms are often located close to busy shipping routes, substantially increasing the risk of ship–offshore wind turbine (OWT) collisions. To enhance the impact resilience of OWT support structures against ship collisions, a [...] Read more.
Owing to transportation, installation, grid-connection, and maintenance requirements, nearshore offshore wind farms are often located close to busy shipping routes, substantially increasing the risk of ship–offshore wind turbine (OWT) collisions. To enhance the impact resilience of OWT support structures against ship collisions, a novel honeycomb sandwich fender is proposed for tower protection. Nonlinear transient analyses were performed using ANSYS/LS-DYNA to simulate a 5000 t ship traveling at 2 m/s and colliding with a 4 MW OWT supported by a single-column tripod foundation. The effects of rubber and aluminum foam cores on the crashworthiness and protective performance of the fender were compared. The results show that the rubber core stores collision energy through recoverable large deformation and releases most of the stored energy during unloading, resulting in pronounced energy restitution and prolonged structural excitation. By contrast, the aluminum foam core dissipates 7.5 MJ through cell-wall buckling, progressive crushing, and plastic collapse, corresponding to 75% of the initial kinetic energy of the ship. Compared with the rubber-core fender, the higher initial stiffness of the aluminum foam increases the peak contact force by 23.1%, from 13.0 to 16.0 MN. However, its irreversible energy-dissipation mechanism reduces the maximum tower-top displacement by 40.0%, from 1.25 to 0.75 m, and decreases the residual tower stress after three successive collisions by 25.0%, from 200 to 150 MPa. These results demonstrate that, despite transmitting a higher peak contact force, the aluminum foam fender provides more effective overall protection under the collision conditions considered because of its greater irreversible energy-dissipation capacity. Full article
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Review

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29 pages, 12034 KB  
Review
A Critical Review of Platform Motion Effects on the Aerodynamic Performance, Wake Dynamics and Load Responses of Floating Vertical Axis Wind Turbines
by Haoda Huang, Qingsong Liu, Chun Li, Wanfu Zhang, Musa Bashir and Gregorio Iglesias
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2026, 14(17), 1576; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14171576 - 26 Aug 2026
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Abstract
Floating vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) couple intrinsically unsteady rotor aerodynamics with the motions of their supporting platforms, producing complex temporal variations in power output, aerodynamic loads, and wake transport. A structured search of the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus, supplemented by [...] Read more.
Floating vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) couple intrinsically unsteady rotor aerodynamics with the motions of their supporting platforms, producing complex temporal variations in power output, aerodynamic loads, and wake transport. A structured search of the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus, supplemented by citation tracking, identified peer-reviewed studies published from database inception to 30 June 2026. The reviewed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies were classified as decoupled or fully coupled according to whether bidirectional feedback between the flow field and platform response was resolved. The evidence shows that motion-induced velocities alter blade-relative inflow and effective angle of attack, thereby modifying dynamic stall, loads, and wake evolution. Scaled testing is limited by the incompatibility between Froude and Reynolds similitude. Under identical pitch conditions, the mean power coefficient increased by 16.42% at full scale but decreased by 56.71% at 1:100 scale. Platform motion generally increases power and load fluctuations but may accelerate wake recovery; effects on mean performance remain configuration- and scale-dependent, so no universally optimal rotor-platform design has emerged. Overall, this review provides an integrated understanding of the effects of platform motion on the unsteady aerodynamics, load responses, and wake evolution of floating VAWTs, and clarifies the applicability of decoupled and fully coupled CFD methods to mechanism identification and system-level assessment. Full article
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