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Coastal Water Quality Observation and Numerical Modeling
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Coastal Water Quality Observation and Numerical Modeling

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Marine Environmental Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 1 January 2026 | Viewed by 2291

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Marta Rodrigues

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: environmental quality in coastal areas; water quality and hydrodynamic modeling; nowcast–forecast systems for water quality; in situ data acquisition and online monitoring networks; effects of climate change on water quality and ecological dynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Coastal systems issue multiple ecosystem services, such as aquaculture, marine transportation, water quality regulation, and tourism, providing resilience to coastal communities. These systems are under a multitude of pressures and threats that may affect their environmental quality. The increase in human activities in coastal areas and climate change may exacerbate the impacts and increase the vulnerability of coastal populations.

This Special Issue intends to collect original research articles on all aspects of coastal water quality, presenting a platform for researchers to share their latest findings and exchange ideas on this topic. We invite high-quality research papers on various topics related to coastal water quality monitoring and simulation, including coastal water quality and environmental contamination assessment, numerical modeling of coastal water quality, in situ monitoring and Earth observations, impacts of land-driven contaminants, impacts of climate change, coastal forecast systems, and coastal planning and management. By enhancing our understanding of coastal water quality through these studies, we will contribute to improving the management and conservation of coastal environments.

Dr. Marta Rodrigues
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • coastal pollution and land-driven contaminants
  • climate change impacts and adaptations
  • coastal eutrophication
  • microplastics
  • scenario analyses and simulations
  • operational modeling
  • machine learning/deep learning/artificial intelligence
  • in situ observations
  • remote sensing
  • risk assessment

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2898 KiB  
Article
Vertical Distribution Profiling of E. coli and Salinity in Tokyo Coastal Waters Following Rainfall Events Under Various Tidal Conditions
by Chomphunut Poopipattana, Manish Kumar and Hiroaki Furumai
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(8), 1581; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13081581 - 18 Aug 2025
Viewed by 197
Abstract
Urban estuarine environments face increasing water safety risks due to microbial contamination from combined sewer overflows (CSOs), particularly during heavy rainfall events. In megacities like Tokyo, where waterfronts are widely used for recreation, such contamination poses significant public health risks. The challenge is [...] Read more.
Urban estuarine environments face increasing water safety risks due to microbial contamination from combined sewer overflows (CSOs), particularly during heavy rainfall events. In megacities like Tokyo, where waterfronts are widely used for recreation, such contamination poses significant public health risks. The challenge is compounded by the variability in both intensity and spatial distribution of rainfall across the catchment, combined with complex tidal dynamics making effective water quality management difficult. To address this challenge, we conducted a series of hydrodynamic–microbial fate simulations to examine the spatial and vertical behavior of Escherichia coli (E. coli) under different rainfall–tide conditions. Focusing on the Sumida River estuary, rainfall data from eight drainage areas were classified into six event types using cluster analysis. Two contrasting events were selected for detailed analysis: a light rainfall (G2, 15 mm over 13 h) and an intense event (G6, 272 mm over 34 h). Vertical water quality profiling was performed along an 8.5 km transect from the Kanda–Sumida River confluence to the Tokyo Bay Tunnel, illustrating E. coli and salinity. The results showed that the rainfall intensity and tidal phase at the event onset are critical in shaping both the magnitude and vertical distribution of microbial contamination. The intense event (G6) led to deep microbial intrusion (up to 6–7 m) and major salinity disruption, while the lighter event (G2) showed surface-layer confinement. Salinity gradients were more strongly affected during G6, indicating freshwater intrusion. Tidal phase also influenced transport: the flood-high condition retained E. coli, whereas ebb-low tides facilitated downstream flushing. These findings highlight the influence of rainfall intensity and tidal timing on microbial distribution and support the use of vertical profiling in estuarine water quality management. They also support the development of dynamic, event-based water quality risk assessment tools. With appropriate local calibration, the modeling framework is transferable to other urban estuarine systems to support proactive and adaptive water quality management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Water Quality Observation and Numerical Modeling)
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26 pages, 27571 KiB  
Article
Nutrient Fluxes from the Kamchatka and Penzhina Rivers and Their Impact on Coastal Ecosystems on Both Sides of the Kamchatka Peninsula
by Pavel Semkin, Galina Pavlova, Vyacheslav Lobanov, Kirill Baigubekov, Yuri Barabanshchikov, Sergey Gorin, Maria Shvetsova, Elena Shkirnikova, Olga Ulanova, Anna Ryumina, Ekaterina Lepskaya, Yuliya Fedorets, Yi Xu and Jing Zhang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(3), 569; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13030569 - 14 Mar 2025
Viewed by 905
Abstract
Catchment areas on volcanic territories in different regions are of great interest since they are enriched with nutrients that contribute significantly to coastal ecosystems. The Kamchatka Peninsula is one of the most active volcanic regions of the world; however, to date, the chemistry [...] Read more.
Catchment areas on volcanic territories in different regions are of great interest since they are enriched with nutrients that contribute significantly to coastal ecosystems. The Kamchatka Peninsula is one of the most active volcanic regions of the world; however, to date, the chemistry of its river waters and the state of its coastal ecosystems remain understudied in connection with volcanism. The two rivers under study are the largest in this region. The Kamchatka River, unlike the Penzhina River, drains volcanic territories, including the areas of the most active volcanoes of the Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes and the Shiveluch Volcano. The mouth of the Kamchatka River has been shown to have DIP and DIN concentrations of 2.79–3.87 and 10.0–23.8 µM, respectively, during different seasons, which are comparable to rivers in urbanized areas with sewerage and agricultural sources of nutrients. It has been established that volcanoes form high concentrations of nutrients in the catchment area of the Kamchatka River. The Penzhina River has had very low DIP and DIN concentrations of 0.2–0.8 and 0.17–0.35 µM, respectively, near the mouth during different seasons, but high concentrations of DOC, at 5.9 mg/L in spring, which may be due to seasonal thawing of permafrost. During the period of increasing river discharge, seasonal phytoplankton blooms occur in spring and summer in bays of the same name, as shown using satellite data. The biomass of zooplankton in Penzhina Bay is at a level of 100 mg/L, while in Kamchatka Gulf, it exceeds 2000 mg/L. Thus, the biomass of zooplankton in the receiving basin, which is influenced by the runoff of the Kamchatka River with a volcanic catchment area in eastern Kamchatka, is 20 times higher than in the basin, which has a small nutrient flux with the river runoff in northwestern Kamchatka. This study demonstrates the connection between nutrient fluxes from a catchment area and the formation of seasonal phytoplankton blooms and high zooplankton biomass in the coastal area. We also study seasonal, year-to-year, and climatic variability of water discharges and hydrometeorological conditions to understand how nutrient fluxes can change in the foreseeable future and influence coastal ecosystems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Water Quality Observation and Numerical Modeling)
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21 pages, 7334 KiB  
Article
Comparative Study on the Diffusion of Thermal Discharge from Coastal Power Plants in Different Geographical Environments
by Zhijie Chen, Ziqing Wang, Zhi Zeng and Junjian Tang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(2), 383; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13020383 - 19 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 594
Abstract
The diffusion characteristics of thermal discharge from coastal power plants were studied by analyzing the Ningde Nuclear Power Plant and Kemen Power Plant, which are located in different geographical regions in China. The former is in the open sea, and the latter is [...] Read more.
The diffusion characteristics of thermal discharge from coastal power plants were studied by analyzing the Ningde Nuclear Power Plant and Kemen Power Plant, which are located in different geographical regions in China. The former is in the open sea, and the latter is in a well-sheltered bay. In the vicinity of the outfall areas of the two power plants, large-area surface temperature observations and tidal current observations were conducted. The results indicate that the thermal discharge diffusion characteristics of coastal power plants located in different geographical environments are significantly different. In the well-sheltered sea area of the Kemen Power Plant, the water temperature diffuses faster along the coast, in line with the direction of tidal movement, and slower in the offshore direction under the influence of rectilinear tidal currents within the bay, resulting in a significantly greater longitudinal diffusion distance of thermal discharge along the shore than the transverse diffusion distance offshore. In the area surrounding the Ningde Nuclear Power Plant, rotational currents diffuse the thermal discharge in various directions, causing the range of temperature rise to expand toward the outer sea. Dominant tidal currents within the tidal cycle in the sea area can influence the distribution of high-temperature rise zones near outfalls. The distribution of high-temperature rise zones predominantly occurs on the side with the higher average tidal velocity, either the ebb tide side if its velocity is greater than that of the flood tide or the flood tide side otherwise. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Water Quality Observation and Numerical Modeling)
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