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Advancements and Challenges in Retina Surgery: Second Edition
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Advancements and Challenges in Retina Surgery: Second Edition

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Ophthalmology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2026 | Viewed by 441

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Joaquín Marticorena

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Provincial de Conxo, University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Ramón Baltar, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Interests: vitreoretinal surgery; medical retina; ocular trauma; uvel melanoma; cataract surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Javier Zarranz-Ventura

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institut Clínic of Ophthalmology (ICOF), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
Interests: retinal care; intravitreal injection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is my pleasure to invite you to contribute to the Special Issue “Advancements and Challenges in Retina Surgery: Second Edition”. This is a continuation of our first edition, in which we published six papers. For more details, please visit the following website: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jcm/special_issues/KN6T8M8M32.

Over the last decade, retinal specialists have contributed to important advances in the management of different vitreoretinal diseases. This knowledge, accumulated from basic and clinical studies, has arised in conjunction with the development of new technologies. In this context, multimodal imaging has significantly improved the diagnosis, understanding, and classification of already-known pathologies, as well as the description of new entities. Moreover, the presence of small-gauge vitreotomes with ultra-high-speed cut rates, microscopes with integrated OCT, and the ability to administer various drugs and therapies into the vitreous cavity, as well as the subretinal and suprachoroidal spaces, has revolutionized vitreoretinal surgery, paving the way for safer treatement of more complex and challenging cases.

This Special Issue aims to publish original articles that guide ophthalmologists in the surgical treatment of vitreoretinal diseases. High-quality reviews articles of broad interest are welcome.

Dr. Joaquín Marticorena
Dr. Javier Zarranz-Ventura
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • retina
  • vitreoretinal diseases
  • vitreotomes
  • optical coherence tomography
  • vitreoretinal surgery

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

16 pages, 280 KB  
Review
Submacular Hemorrhage Management: Evolving Strategies from Pharmacologic Displacement to Surgical Intervention
by Monika Sarna and Arleta Waszczykowska
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(2), 469; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15020469 - 7 Jan 2026
Viewed by 290
Abstract
Background: Submacular hemorrhage (SMH) is a vision-threatening condition most associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), although it may also arise from polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, pathological myopia, retinal vascular diseases, trauma, and systemic factors. Rapid management is essential because subretinal blood induces [...] Read more.
Background: Submacular hemorrhage (SMH) is a vision-threatening condition most associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), although it may also arise from polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, pathological myopia, retinal vascular diseases, trauma, and systemic factors. Rapid management is essential because subretinal blood induces photoreceptor toxicity, clot organization, and fibroglial scarring, leading to irreversible visual loss. The choice and urgency of treatment depend on hemorrhage size, duration, and underlying pathology, and the patient’s surgical risk category, which can influence the invasiveness of the selected procedure. This review aims to provide an updated synthesis of recent advances in the surgical and pharmacological management of SMH, focusing on evidence from the past five years and comparing outcomes across major interventional approaches. Methods: A narrative review of 27 recent clinical and multicentre studies was conducted. The included literature evaluated pneumatic displacement (PD), pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), subretinal or intravitreal recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA), anti-VEGF therapy, and hybrid techniques. Studies were analyzed about indications, surgical methods, timing of intervention, anatomical and functional outcomes, and complication and patient risk stratification. Results: Outcomes varied depending on the size and duration of hemorrhage, as well as the activity of underlying macular neovascularization. PD with intravitreal rtPA was reported as effective for small and recent SMH. PPV combined with subretinal rtPA, filtered air, and anti-VEGF therapy demonstrated favorable displacement and visual outcomes in medium to large hemorrhages or those associated with active nAMD. Hybrid techniques further improved clot mobilization in selected cases. Across studies, delayed intervention beyond 14 days correlated with reduced visual recovery due to blood organization and photoreceptor loss. Potential risks, including recurrent bleeding and rtPA-associated toxicity, were reported but varied across studies. Conclusions: Management should be individualized, considering hemorrhage characteristics and surgical risk. Laser therapy, including PDT, may serve as an adjunct in the perioperative or postoperative period, particularly in PCV patients. Early, tailored intervention typically yields the best functional outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements and Challenges in Retina Surgery: Second Edition)
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