Insects: A Unique Bioresource for Agriculture and Humanity

A special issue of Insects (ISSN 2075-4450).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 July 2026 | Viewed by 10790

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Insects represent the largest group within the arthropod phylum and can be found across all continents and in almost every habitat. Insects play important roles in ecosystems, including pollination, pest control, waste utilization, soil improvement, and wildlife nutrition. Human interactions with insects include exploiting insects for practical uses, such as in food, textiles, or dyes, but also in medicine, science, and technology. Humans have been utilizing natural resources from insects since the Stone Age. One prominent example concerns honeybees, whose products have been used for more than 8000 years. Additionally, silk from the cocoon of the silkworm larva has been used to make clothing since 3500 BCE.

Over the past 25 years, research in the field of insect biotechnology has intensified considerably. Scientists are working on novel active insect ingredients for medicine (e.g., antimicrobial agents), sustainable methods of plant protection (e.g., bioinsecticides), and applications for industrial biotechnology (e.g., enzymes and raw materials such as chitin and chitosan). Recently, biomass-based nanomaterials have represented a key area of research. Chitin and chitosan nanostructural applications have been reported in areas such as biomedical devices, cosmetics, textile coatings, water filtration, food preservation, and food packaging. Chitosan nanoparticles are also being used in sustainable agriculture.

Insects have a high food conversion rate. Crickets, for example, require six times less feed than cattle to produce the same amount of protein. Edible insects contain high-quality protein, vitamins, and essential amino acids that could benefit humans, pets, and farm animals. Insects as a sustainable food source require advanced farming techniques, as well as sophisticated processing methods to ensure food quality and safety.

We invite you to contribute original research articles and critical reviews discussing both basic and applied approaches to the use of insect primary and secondary compounds as bioresources in agriculture and human welfare. Articles on insects as model animals or insect cell lines in biomedicine are also welcome.

Prof. Dr. Klaus H. Hoffmann
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Insects is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bioinsecticides
  • antimicrobial peptides
  • insect farming
  • chitin and chitosan
  • nanostructures
  • biomedicine

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 1387 KB  
Article
Buprestid Beetles of Togo: Ecological, Sociocultural, and Nutritional Impacts of a High Quality Food Source
by Fègbawè Badanaro and Victor Benno Meyer-Rochow
Insects 2026, 17(3), 320; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects17030320 - 16 Mar 2026
Viewed by 396
Abstract
In the face of increasing pressure on agriculture and the effects of climate change, as well as the increasing popularity of Western foods, the enhancement of local food resources stands out as an essential strategy to strengthen food security and to slow down [...] Read more.
In the face of increasing pressure on agriculture and the effects of climate change, as well as the increasing popularity of Western foods, the enhancement of local food resources stands out as an essential strategy to strengthen food security and to slow down the erosion of traditions. Buprestid beetles are customarily consumed by some people in Togo, but these beetles remain poorly documented. This study explores the nutritional value of Buprestids consumed in Ecological Zone I of Togo. In total 630 individuals representing 7 ethnic groups from 14 localities, with 45 respondents in each, were interviewed. Buprestids were collected in the surveyed areas for identification, and specimens of Sternocera interrupta (Olivier, 1790) were specifically selected for biochemical analyses. Ash, amino and fatty acids, vitamins and fibre contents were determined using AOAC and AFNOR methods. Mineral content was determined by spectrophotometry; fatty acid composition by gas chromatography and amino acid composition by Biochrom 30+ analyzer. The results show that three species of Buprestids are still consumed in Togo, but that this practice is becoming increasingly rare among younger people. The decline can be attributed to a combination of ecological, sociocultural, and economic factors. The analysis of S. interrupta revealed the following composition (dry weight): 58.02 ± 0.18% protein, 6.63 ± 0.28% lipid, and 12.81 ± 0.49% fibre. From a micronutritional standpoint, the species is rich in vitamins and minerals, highlighting the need to conserve Buprestids for their nutritional value and role in food security amidst ecological transition, as well as their contribution to biodiversity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insects: A Unique Bioresource for Agriculture and Humanity)
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23 pages, 1001 KB  
Article
Sustainable Protein in the Food Chain: A Five-Country Study on Consumer Preferences for Insect-Fed Animal Products
by Jie Li, Giovanni Sogari, Francesco Riccioli, Martina Sartoni, Daylan Amelia Tzompa-Sosa, Aijun Liu and Simone Mancini
Insects 2026, 17(3), 232; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects17030232 - 24 Feb 2026
Viewed by 670
Abstract
Insect-based feed is a promising solution to reduce the environmental impact of livestock production, but its market success depends on consumer acceptance of animal products raised on such diets. This study examines consumer preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for insect-fed fish, chicken, [...] Read more.
Insect-based feed is a promising solution to reduce the environmental impact of livestock production, but its market success depends on consumer acceptance of animal products raised on such diets. This study examines consumer preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for insect-fed fish, chicken, pork, and eggs across five countries: China, Mexico, Italy, Belgium, and the United States. Using contingent valuation and randomized information treatments through a survey with a total sample of 3418 respondents, we assess how product type, country context, and consumer exposure to information influence purchasing behavior. Results show that product information generally reduces consumer resistance to purchasing insect-fed products, but its effect on raising WTP varies significantly by country and product. China consistently exhibits the highest WTP across all products, exceeding current market prices. Notably, information treatment about the sustainability, environmental and economic advantages of insect-based feed significantly increased WTP in Mexico but had little to no effect in Italy, Belgium, or the U.S. Results also suggest that consumers across all five countries value transparency and believe it is important to disclose feed-related information on product packaging. These findings suggest that targeted communication and policy efforts are needed to support broader consumer acceptance and price alignment for sustainable feed innovations in European countries and the US. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insects: A Unique Bioresource for Agriculture and Humanity)
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25 pages, 17528 KB  
Article
A Circular Bioeconomy Model for Oaxaca: Integrating Entomophagy and Zootechnical Validation in Small-Scale Tilapia Farming
by Tamara Aquino-Aguilar, Yolanda Donají Ortiz-Hernández, Marco Aurelio Acevedo-Ortiz, Teodulfo Aquino-Bolaños, Gema Lugo-Espinosa, Jesús Andrés Morales-López and Salatiel Velasco-Pérez
Insects 2026, 17(2), 225; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects17020225 - 21 Feb 2026
Viewed by 534
Abstract
Global population growth necessitates sustainable food systems, positioning Circular Bioeconomy as a key transition framework. In Oaxaca, Mexico, semi-intensive tilapia aquaculture faces economic viability issues due to a critical reliance on expensive external commercial feeds. This study proposes a “Backyard Integrated System” specifically [...] Read more.
Global population growth necessitates sustainable food systems, positioning Circular Bioeconomy as a key transition framework. In Oaxaca, Mexico, semi-intensive tilapia aquaculture faces economic viability issues due to a critical reliance on expensive external commercial feeds. This study proposes a “Backyard Integrated System” specifically designed for rural contexts with limited capitalization, connecting traditional entomophagy with aquaculture to reduce operational costs and close nutrient cycles. Using a mixed-method approach, we first conducted a sociocultural diagnosis (n = 140), revealing a 97.14% acceptance of insect consumption. Subsequently, to validate technical viability, a long-term (280-day) feeding trial was conducted using standardized insect meals (Tenebrio molitor and Acheta domesticus) as total substitutes (100%) for commercial feed in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets. Results showed a Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) of 1.61–1.62, comparable to the commercial control (p > 0.05), while significantly enhancing fillet protein content. Crucially, microbiological analysis confirmed the absence of pathogens in the final product, empirically validating the safety of the waste-to-feed cycle. Consequently, this strategy ensures food sovereignty, decouples producers from volatile external markets, and offers a scalable solution for community resilience without compromising food safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insects: A Unique Bioresource for Agriculture and Humanity)
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19 pages, 28203 KB  
Article
Multidimensional Analysis of Silkworm Cocoons Produced with Different Feeding Diets
by Xiang Meng, Ran Huang, Jingda Meng, Yuwei Song, Shihua Yu and Chengchen Guo
Insects 2026, 17(2), 188; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects17020188 - 10 Feb 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 774
Abstract
Artificial diets are increasingly utilized in sericulture, yet they often yield cocoons with properties that differ from those produced by mulberry leaf-fed silkworms. A reliable method to distinguish between these two types of cocoons remains lacking, compromising quality control in silk-related industries. In [...] Read more.
Artificial diets are increasingly utilized in sericulture, yet they often yield cocoons with properties that differ from those produced by mulberry leaf-fed silkworms. A reliable method to distinguish between these two types of cocoons remains lacking, compromising quality control in silk-related industries. In this study, we report a multidimensional analysis method integrating chemical, structural, and biomarker analyses to distinguish cocoons produced by mulberry leaf-fed (Mul-fed) silkworms from those produced by artificial diet-fed (Art-fed) silkworms. The SEM images showed that after the process of biomarker extraction, Mul-fed cocoons had a more complete morphological structure than Art-fed cocoons, and the sericin layer of Mul-fed cocoons was less damaged. Thermogravimetric and amino acid analyses revealed no significant differences between the two types of cocoons. Biomarker analyses via ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) revealed that quercitrin and quercetin were enriched in Mul-fed cocoons, while daidzein and genistein were enriched in cocoons produced by artificial diet-fed silkworms. Furthermore, materials extracted from Mul-fed cocoons demonstrated significantly superior bioactivity than those from Art-fed cocoons in in vitro assays. This study provides a reliable and accurate method for assessing cocoon quality and distinguishing cocoons from different feeding methods, laying a robust basis for quality evaluation and silk product development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insects: A Unique Bioresource for Agriculture and Humanity)
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Review

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20 pages, 1897 KB  
Review
Edible Insect Production in Thailand: Sustainable Supply Chain Management
by Sasiprapa Krongdang, Karthikeyan Venkatachalam, Thararat Chitov, Sutee Wangtueai, Jittimon Wongsa, Thanya Parametthanuwat and Narin Charoenphun
Insects 2025, 16(8), 827; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16080827 - 8 Aug 2025
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3825
Abstract
This study aims to foster a guideline for sustainable supply chain management for edible insect production through a comprehensive review and critical analysis of the current situation, focusing especially on Thailand’s perspective. It addresses the traditional culture and modern practice of insect consumption [...] Read more.
This study aims to foster a guideline for sustainable supply chain management for edible insect production through a comprehensive review and critical analysis of the current situation, focusing especially on Thailand’s perspective. It addresses the traditional culture and modern practice of insect consumption and how these factors affect current production for commercial purposes. The advantages of nutritional values and farming with edible insects over traditional livestock farming are highlighted. A threats, opportunities, weaknesses, and strengths (TOWS) matrix analysis, producing action-oriented strategies, was based on an analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of Thailand’s edible insect industry. The strategies include enhancement of production and product quality, innovation of intelligent production techniques and agriculture, fortification of branding and product development, encouragement of research and development investment, and the promotion of local product identity. The analysis emphasizes the value of sustainable supply chain management and advocates for the advancement of the bio-circular green (BCG) economy strategy for the edible insect industry. It also emphasizes the importance of stakeholder collaboration and implementing regulations to ensure food safety and sustainable production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insects: A Unique Bioresource for Agriculture and Humanity)
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25 pages, 1695 KB  
Review
Bee Brood as a Food for Human Consumption: An Integrative Review of Phytochemical and Nutritional Composition
by Raquel P. F. Guiné, Sofia G. Florença, Maria João Barroca and Cristina A. Costa
Insects 2025, 16(8), 796; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16080796 - 31 Jul 2025
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3638
Abstract
The utilisation of edible insects for human nutrition is a long-standing practice in many parts of the globe, and is being gradually introduced into countries without an entomophagic tradition as well. These unconventional sources of protein of animal origin have arisen as a [...] Read more.
The utilisation of edible insects for human nutrition is a long-standing practice in many parts of the globe, and is being gradually introduced into countries without an entomophagic tradition as well. These unconventional sources of protein of animal origin have arisen as a sustainable alternative to other animal protein sources, such as meat. This review intends to present the compilation of data in the scientific literature on the chemical composition and nutritional value of the bee brood of A. mellifera species and subspecies as edible foods. For this, a comprehensive search of the scientific literature was carried out using the databases ScienceDirect, Scopus, Pub-Med, BOn, and SciELO. Appropriate keywords were used for the search to reach the research works that addressed the topics of the review. The results showed that bee brood has considerable quantities of protein, fat and carbohydrates. The most abundant amino acids are leucine and lysine (these two being essential amino acids) and aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and proline (these three being non-essential amino acids). As for the fatty acids, bee broods contain approximately equal fractions of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, while the polyunsaturated fatty acids are negligible. The dietary minerals present in higher quantities are potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium, and the most abundant vitamins are vitamin C and niacin; choline is also present, although it is not a true vitamin. Although bee brood from A. mellifera has potential for human consumption as a nutrient-rich food, there are still many aspects that need to be further studied in the future, such as safety and hazards linked to possible regular consumption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insects: A Unique Bioresource for Agriculture and Humanity)
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