Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Effects of SGLT-2i and GLP-1RAs

Dear Colleagues,

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is an independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease, stroke, and heart failure, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with T2DM. It is estimated that the incidence of fatal and nonfatal coronary events in diabetic people is 1.5 to 3-4 times higher than in non-diabetic subjects of the same age. Moreover, increasing evidence suggests that the relative risk for CVD and mortality is higher in women than in men with diabetes.

Alterations in endothelial function and oxidative stress can contribute to the development of atherosclerotic lesion and may represent the mechanistic link between type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

The prevention of cardiovascular events is a key goal in the management of patients with T2DM. Recent evidence from cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOTs) demonstrated the benefits of the new classes of antihyperglycemic drugs—sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists—on the cardiovascular outcomes. However, the mechanisms through which treatments with SGLT-2i and GLP-1RAs are associated with an improvement in cardiovascular outcomes are not fully understood.

This Special Issue aims to publish original research and review articles concerning significant findings in the field of type 2 diabetes and CVD, in order to explore more processes that contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease in patients with T2DM and to learn about new research on the CV protection mechanisms of SGLT-2i and GLP-1RAs.

Prof. Dr. Elena Succurro
Prof. Dr. Angela Sciacqua
Guest Editors

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