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Archaeal Viruses

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2024) | Viewed by 8981

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Biological Sciences, Cal Poly Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768, USA
Interests: Sulfolobus viruses; archaea virus–host interactions; STIV-related viruses; archaeal virus lysis systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Since their discovery approximately 50 years ago, we have learned a great deal by studying archaeal viruses. However, much has yet to be learned about these mysterious viruses that infect life’s most enigmatic domain. Compared to the viruses infecting Bacteria and Eukarya, we know little about the viruses infecting Archaea. Very few archaeal viruses have been characterized in molecular, biochemical or structural detail. Studies on viruses infecting Bacteria and Eukarya have led to insights in cellular mechanisms, virus-host interactions, and virus evolution. There is no doubt the same will be true for studying viruses infecting Archaea. 

With this special issue of IJMS we hope to increase the current knowledge of archaeal viruses. Archaeal viruses are some of the most unusual viruses we know of, both morphologically and genetically. eukaryotic domains of life. With the discovery of archaeal viruses and the creation of genetic systems for these viruses, we have increased our knowledge of archaeal virus replication, gene expression, protein structure, virus-host interactions, and virus-induced cell lysis. By continuing to study these viruses, we will learn more about virus-host interactions, virus evolution, and much more. We hope this special issue contributes to the overall knowledge of these unique viruses and inspires more research into these fascinating molecular parasites. 

Potential topics include, but are not limited to: 

  • Archaeal virus-host interactions 
  • Molecular biology of archaeal virus replication 
  • Archaeal virus evolution 
  • Discovery of new archaeal viruses 
  • Structure of archaeal virus or archaeal virus proteins 
  • Host defense mechanisms against virus infection 

Dr. Jamie Snyder
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • archaea
  • archaeal virus
  • archaeal virus–host interactions
  • virus evolution
  • archaeal virus discovery
  • archaeal virus structure
 

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2591 KiB  
Article
Newly Established Genetic System for Functional Analysis of MetSV
by Finn O. Gehlert, Katrin Weidenbach, Brian Barüske, Daniela Hallack, Urska Repnik and Ruth A. Schmitz
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(13), 11163; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241311163 - 6 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1921
Abstract
The linear chromosome of the Methanosarcina spherical virus with 10,567 bp exhibits 22 ORFs with mostly unknown functions. Annotation using common tools and databases predicted functions for a few genes like the type B DNA polymerase (MetSVORF07) or the small (MetSVORF15) and major [...] Read more.
The linear chromosome of the Methanosarcina spherical virus with 10,567 bp exhibits 22 ORFs with mostly unknown functions. Annotation using common tools and databases predicted functions for a few genes like the type B DNA polymerase (MetSVORF07) or the small (MetSVORF15) and major (MetSVORF16) capsid proteins. For verification of assigned functions of additional ORFs, biochemical or genetic approaches were found to be essential. Consequently, we established a genetic system for MetSV by cloning its genome into the E. coli plasmid pCR-XL-2. Comparisons of candidate plasmids with the MetSV reference based on Nanopore sequencing revealed several mutations of yet unknown provenance with an impact on protein-coding sequences. Linear MetSV inserts were generated by BamHI restriction, purified and transformed in Methanosarcina mazei by an optimized liposome-mediated transformation protocol. Analysis of resulting MetSV virions by TEM imaging and infection experiments demonstrated no significant differences between plasmid-born viruses and native MetSV particles regarding their morphology or lytic behavior. The functionality of the genetic system was tested by the generation of a ΔMetSVORF09 mutant that was still infectious. Our genetic system of MetSV, the first functional system for a virus of methanoarchaea, now allows us to obtain deeper insights into MetSV protein functions and virus-host interactions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Archaeal Viruses)
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Review

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20 pages, 4151 KiB  
Review
The Expanding Diversity of Viruses from Extreme Environments
by Robert D. Manuel and Jamie C. Snyder
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(6), 3137; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063137 - 8 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 6364
Abstract
Viruses are nonliving biological entities whose host range encompasses all known forms of life. They are deceptively simple in description (a protein shell surrounding genetic material with an occasional lipid envelope) and yet can infect all known forms of life. Recently, due to [...] Read more.
Viruses are nonliving biological entities whose host range encompasses all known forms of life. They are deceptively simple in description (a protein shell surrounding genetic material with an occasional lipid envelope) and yet can infect all known forms of life. Recently, due to technological advancements, viruses from more extreme environments can be studied through both culture-dependent and independent means. Viruses with thermophilic, halophilic, psychrophilic, and barophilic properties are highlighted in this paper with an emphasis on the properties that allow them to exist in said environments. Unfortunately, much of this field is extremely novel and thus, not much is yet known about these viruses or the microbes they infect when compared to non-extremophilic host–virus systems. With this review, we hope to shed some light on these relatively new studies and highlight their intrinsic value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Archaeal Viruses)
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