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Reproductive Physiology and miRNA-Mediated Gene Regulation in Domestic Animals

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2025) | Viewed by 709

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
Interests: veterinary endocrinology and animal reproductive physiology: corpus luteum; ovulation; reflex ovulation; ovulation-inducing factors; nerve growth factor; nitric oxide; prostaglandins; rabbit; sperm preservation methods (freeze drying); physiology of nutrition: fasting; obesity; cannabinoids; leptin; adipokines; apelin; resistin; polyunsaturated fatty acids; polyphenols

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
Interests: epigenetics; non-coding RNA; physiological stress and animal welfare; biotechnological techniques; bioinformatics analysis; physiological stress adaptation; epigenetic adaptation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue focuses on the interplay between reproductive physiology in domestic animals and the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in gene regulation.

Specifically, the main topic concerns how miRNAs influence reproductive processes such as oocyte maturation, spermatogenesis, and pregnancy. miRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by binding to specific messenger RNA molecules. This mechanism can significantly impact fertility, reproductive health, and embryo development in domestic animals.

In summary, the theme intertwines reproductive biology and molecular biology, aiming to understand how epigenetic regulation mechanisms can affect reproduction and enhance animal health management.

Dr. Margherita Maranesi
Dr. Gabriella Guelfi
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • reproductive physiology
  • microRNAs
  • miRNAs
  • gene regulation
  • domestic animals

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 5575 KiB  
Article
Exploration of Small Non-Coding RNAs as Molecular Markers of Ram Sperm Fertility
by Mustafa Bodu, Mustafa Hitit, Huseyin Donmez, Abdullah Kaya, Muhammet Rasit Ugur and Erdoğan Memili
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(6), 2690; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26062690 - 17 Mar 2025
Viewed by 463
Abstract
The identification of molecular markers for fertility is critical for the sustainability of livestock production. We profiled small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) in sperm from rams with high fertility (HF) and low fertility (LF) phenotypes to uncover their roles in ram sperm fertility. Rams [...] Read more.
The identification of molecular markers for fertility is critical for the sustainability of livestock production. We profiled small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) in sperm from rams with high fertility (HF) and low fertility (LF) phenotypes to uncover their roles in ram sperm fertility. Rams were categorized into high-fertility (HF, n = 31; 94.5 ± 2.8%) and low-fertility (LF, n = 25; 83.1 ± 5.73%) phenotypes based on pregnancy rates (average 89.4 ± 7.2%). From these, sperm samples of HF (n = 4; pregnancy rate 99.2 ± 1.6%) and LF (n = 4; pregnancy rate 73.6 ± 4.4%) rams underwent sncRNA sequencing. Small RNA sequencing produced 14,962,876 reads in LF rams and 17,401,094 reads in HF rams, showing distinct sncRNA biotypes, including miRNAs, tRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, and rRNAs. Among these, miRNAs comprised 7.12% of reads in LF rams and 3.78% in HF rams, while rRNAs and repeats formed significant proportions in both groups. A total of 1673 known and 627 novel miRNAs were identified, with 227 differentially expressed miRNAs between the HF and LF groups. We showed that key miRNAs, such as oar-miR-200b and oar-miR-370-3p, were upregulated in HF sperm, while downregulated miRNAs in LF, such as oar-miR-26b and oar-let-7d, were associated with impaired sperm function and DNA fragmentation. A functional enrichment analysis of miRNA target genes highlighted pathways related to ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis, RNA processing, and gene expression regulation. These findings establish the critical role of sperm sncRNAs as regulators of fertility and potential biomarkers in breeding soundness tests for the precision farming of livestock for global food security. Full article
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