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Neuroinflammation in Neurological Acute Critical Injuries
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Neuroinflammation in Neurological Acute Critical Injuries

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2024) | Viewed by 2725

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Fulvio Alberto Tartara

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Senior Consultant Neurosurgeon, City Hospital, AOU Parma, University of Parma, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Interests: neuroinflammation; pathophysiology of secondary brain damage (SAH, brain injury); intrathecal antibiotics; osteointegration and biological activity of material for arthrodesis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The neuroinflammatory response to major cerebral injuries such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain lesions, or meningitis remains one of the most important and interesting aspects related to the occurrence of secondary and delayed cerebral damage. A better understanding of pathophysiological ways, involved mediators, and the sequence and timing of events remains actual and interesting as it can provide therapeutic targets and strategies. In particular, a better definition of early trigger roles of cytokines, chemokines, leucocytes, and their migration into the subarachnoid and perivascular spaces may provide indications for the use of target drugs potentially useful in reducing vasospasms, oxidative stress, and blood–brain barrier disruption. In addition to specific drugs such as the endothelin receptor antagonist clazosentan, agents with pleiotropic effects could be particularly interesting. The occurrence of primary cerebrospinal fluid compartmental events presents particular interest. Studies in this field are requested by clinical practice to improve patients’ outcomes. We hope for an interest in and contribution to the realization of this Special Issue.

Dr. Fulvio Alberto Tartara
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • neuroinflammation
  • leucocyte rolling
  • interleukins
  • oxidative stress
  • chemokines
  • blood–brain barrier disruption
  • subarachnoid hemorrhage
  • intracerebral hemorrhage
  • meningitis
  • traumatic brain injury

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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14 pages, 2941 KiB  
Article
Secondary Brain Injury After Parenchymal Cerebral Hemorrhage in Humans: The Role of NOX2-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Endothelin-1
by Manuela De Michele, Paolo Amisano, Oscar G. Schiavo, Vittoria Cammisotto, Roberto Carnevale, Maurizio Forte, Vittorio Picchio, Antonio Ciacciarelli, Irene Berto, Ugo Angeloni, Silvia Pugliese, Danilo Toni and Svetlana Lorenzano
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(23), 13180; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252313180 - 7 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1383
Abstract
Perihematomal hypoperfusion may lead to ischemic damage during intraparenchymal cerebral hemorrhage (ICH), resulting in worse prognosis. We aimed to (1) investigate the relationship between serum biomarkers related to oxidative stress and vasoactive substances and the occurrence of hypoperfusion and ischemic perihematomal lesions in [...] Read more.
Perihematomal hypoperfusion may lead to ischemic damage during intraparenchymal cerebral hemorrhage (ICH), resulting in worse prognosis. We aimed to (1) investigate the relationship between serum biomarkers related to oxidative stress and vasoactive substances and the occurrence of hypoperfusion and ischemic perihematomal lesions in ICH and (2) evaluate their correlation with the volumetric evolution of the hematoma and perihematomal edema. We enrolled 28 patients affected by ICH. Blood samples were collected at three different time points from symptom onset: T0, T1, and T2 (admission, 12–24 h, and 48–72 h, respectively), to measure endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitrites/nitrates (NO), soluble nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2 (NOX2)-derived peptide (sNOX2-dp), and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Patients underwent brain MRI with perfusion study at T1 and MRI without perfusion at T2. 12 patients had ischemic perihematomal lesions at T1. A higher sNOX2-dp concentration at T0 was observed in patients with ischemic perihematomal lesions compared to those without (p = 0.051) and with a more severe perihematomal edema at T2 (p = 0.011). The ischemic perihematomal lesions development was also associated with an increased hematoma volume (p < 0.005), perilesional edema (p = 0.046), and greater midline shift (p = 0.036). ET-1 values at T1 were inversely correlated with hemorrhage volume at T2 (ρ = −0.717, p = 0.030). NOX2 activation may have a role in the development of ischemic perihematomal lesions. The association between higher ET-1 values and a lower hemorrhage volume could be related to the ET-1 vasoconstriction action on the ruptured vessel wall. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuroinflammation in Neurological Acute Critical Injuries)
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7 pages, 1758 KiB  
Case Report
Metagenomic Sequencing for Diagnosing Listeria-Induced Rhombencephalitis in Patient and Contaminated Cheese Samples: A Case Report
by Katarina Resman Rus, Martin Bosilj, Tina Triglav, Matjaž Jereb, Mateja Zalaznik, Maša Klešnik, Danilo Češljarac, Mojca Matičič, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, Tomaž Rus and Misa Korva
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(2), 655; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26020655 - 14 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1014
Abstract
Among the various causes of rhomboencephalitis, Listeria monocytogenes infection is the most common. However, conventional microbiological methods often yield negative results, making diagnosis challenging and leading to extensive, often inconclusive, diagnostics. Advanced molecular techniques like metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) offer a powerful and [...] Read more.
Among the various causes of rhomboencephalitis, Listeria monocytogenes infection is the most common. However, conventional microbiological methods often yield negative results, making diagnosis challenging and leading to extensive, often inconclusive, diagnostics. Advanced molecular techniques like metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) offer a powerful and efficient approach to pathogen identification. We present a case of life-threatening rhomboencephalitis in a 32-year-old immunocompetent patient where extensive microbiological, immunological, and biochemical tests were inconclusive. Given the patient’s consumption of unpasteurized homemade cheese, neurolisteriosis was suspected, and mNGS was employed on clinical samples (CSF, serum, urine) and the food source to identify the pathogen. mNGS detected L. monocytogenes in both patient samples and the cheese. Mapping reads were distributed across the genome, with 18.9% coverage in clinical samples and 11.8% in the cheese sample. Additionally, the Listeriolysin (hlyA) gene was detected with 22.3% coverage in clinical samples and 12.3% in the food source, confirming neurolisteriosis. The patient fully recovered following antibiotic treatment. This case underscores the importance of mNGS in diagnosing CNS infections when conventional methods yield negative results, and supports its inclusion in diagnostic protocols for suspected neurolisteriosis, particularly when traditional methods prove inadequate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuroinflammation in Neurological Acute Critical Injuries)
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