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Sleep Apnoea and Comorbidity: A Molecular Approache, Treatment, and Clinical Implications

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2020) | Viewed by 2945

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Jungwon University 85, Munmu-ro, Goesan-eup, Goesan-gun 28204, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
Interests: obstructive sleep apnoea; sleep fragmentation; inflammation; exosome and biomarkers; cardio-metabolic disease; epigenetics; mesenchymal stem cell
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common symptom of the upper airway, affecting 2–4% of the global adult population. It is characterized by intermittent hypoxia and frequent arousals due to the repetitive collapse of the upper airway during sleep. These physiological properties lead to activation and propagation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and sympathetic hyperactivity. Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that OSA is closely related to various chronic diseases, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and neurocognitive dysfunction. Recent epidemiological and experimental studies also show a significant causal relationship between OSA and cancer. Due to the lack of experimental models that can mimic OSA, the underlying mechanisms linking OSA and comorbidities have not been clearly elucidated. However, advances in molecular and biological technologies have made it possible to better understand the pathophysiological phenomena of OSA-related diseases. In this Special Issue, we will cover recent outstanding findings regarding treatment strategies, biomarkers, pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases associated with OSA, important clinical and epidemiological results, and big data analysis. This integrated approach is expected to provide readers with a better understanding of OSA from a molecular perspective.

Prof. Jinkwan Kim
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • obstructive sleep apnoea
  • intermittent hypoxia
  • inflammation
  • biomarkers
  • treatment
  • cardiovascular disease
  • epigenetics

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 888 KiB  
Article
Cholinergic Markers and Cytokines in OSA Patients
by Marcella Reale, Lucia Velluto, Marta Di Nicola, Chiara D’Angelo, Erica Costantini, Michele Marchioni, Gianluigi Cerroni and Biancamaria Guarnieri
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(9), 3264; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21093264 - 5 May 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2657
Abstract
The role of inflammation and dysfunction of the cholinergic system in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has not exhaustively clarified. Thus, in this study, we explore the non-neuronal cholinergic system and the balance of T helper (Th) 17- and T regulatory (Treg)-related cytokines in [...] Read more.
The role of inflammation and dysfunction of the cholinergic system in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has not exhaustively clarified. Thus, in this study, we explore the non-neuronal cholinergic system and the balance of T helper (Th) 17- and T regulatory (Treg)-related cytokines in OSA patients. The study includes 33 subjects with obstructive sleep apnea and 10 healthy controls (HC). The expression levels of cholinergic system component, RAR-related orphan receptor (RORc), transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) and cytokines were evaluated. Th17- and Treg-related cytokines, choline levels and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity were quantified in OSA and control subjects. AChE and nicotinic receptor α 7 subunit (α7nAChR) gene expression and serum levels of choline, AChE and BuChE were lower in OSA patients than in the HC group. Compared with the HC group, OSA patients exhibited an increased expression, secretion and serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, a reduced expression, secretion and serum levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)β and reduced Foxp3 mRNA levels. The Th17/Treg-related cytokine ratio was higher in the OSA group. Our results confirm and reinforce the hypothesis that OSA may be considered a systemic inflammatory disease, and that an imbalance of non-neuronal cholinergic and pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines may contribute to development and progression of comorbidities in OSA subjects. The evaluation of Th17/Treg-related cytokine may provide an additional explanation for OSA pathogenesis and clinical features, opening new directions for the OSA management. Full article
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