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Regulatory T Cells in Human Disease and in Transplantation

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 May 2023) | Viewed by 4152

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital “Hippokratio”, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: T regulatory cells; autoimmunity; transplantation; Tregs

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Guest Editor
Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11547 Athens, Greece
Interests: immune regulation; allergy; asthma; T cell responses; cytokines; regulatory T cells
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is common knowledge that maintaining homeostasis and regulating the complex and sophisticated processes that comprise our immune system is of extreme importance so as to avoid an excessive immune reaction with fatal consequences for our body but also a reaction against self-antigens.

In the core of this refrain lay T regulatory cells (Tregs). Even though over the years there has been a debate regarding Treg identification markers, we are well aware that they are implicated in the prevention of autoimmunity, induction of peripheral tolerance, suppression of chronic inflammatory diseases and allergies .All the above are mediated through different mechanisms either direct or indirect leading to the suppression of the targeted cells (even though the identity of the latter may not always be clear).

Different Treg abnormalities either qualitative and/or quantitative have been described in a number of diseases (regardless of their autoimmune background) and infections and in some cases they seem to have a predictive value.

Given their immunomodulatory effect it was only natural for the scientific community to explore a possible use for Tregs as cellular therapies in clinical practice not only for the treatment of auto-immune disorders but also in the transplant setting where chronic rejection (in the case of solid organ transplantation) and GvHD (in the case of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) are still challenging.

For the Special Issue “T regulatory Cell in human disease and transplantation”, we welcome your contributions in the form of original research and review articles  on biomolecular or combined biomolecular and clinical aspects of Tregs aiming to bridge the remaining gaps in our knowledge regarding their biology, mechanisms of actions and their implication in different diseases and in transplantation.

Dr. Aliki Xochelli
Dr. Georgina Xanthou
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • T regulatory cells
  • autoimmunity
  • transplantation
  • Tregs

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2273 KiB  
Article
Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Signaling Inhibits Foxp3 Expression and Suppressive Functions in Treg Cells through the mTORC1 Pathway
by Woo Ho Lee, Ga Eul Kim, Kyung Jin Hong, Hyeong Su Kim and Gap Ryol Lee
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(3), 2551; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032551 - 29 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1891
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in immune homeostasis by inhibiting cells within the innate and adaptive immune systems; therefore, the stability and immunosuppressive function of Treg cells need to be maintained. In this study, we found that the expression of [...] Read more.
Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in immune homeostasis by inhibiting cells within the innate and adaptive immune systems; therefore, the stability and immunosuppressive function of Treg cells need to be maintained. In this study, we found that the expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) by Treg cells was lower than that by conventional CD4 T cells. IRS1-overexpressing Treg cells showed the downregulated expression of FOXP3, as well as Treg signature markers CD25 and CTLA4. IRS1-overexpressing Treg cells also showed diminished immunosuppressive functions in an in vitro suppression assay. Moreover, IRS1-overexpressing Treg cells were unable to suppress the pathogenic effects of conventional T cells in a transfer-induced colitis model. IRS1 activated the mTORC1 signaling pathway, a negative regulator of Treg cells. Moreover, IRS1 destabilized Treg cells by upregulating the expression of IFN-γ and Glut1. Thus, IRS1 acts as a negative regulator of Treg cells by downregulating the expression of FOXP3 and disrupting stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulatory T Cells in Human Disease and in Transplantation)
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14 pages, 2486 KiB  
Article
Opposing Roles of DCs and iNKT Cells in the Induction of Foxp3 Expression by MLN CD25+CD4+ T Cells during IFNγ-Driven Colitis
by Sung Won Lee, Hyun Jung Park, Luc Van Kaer and Seokmann Hong
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(23), 15316; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315316 - 5 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1743
Abstract
We have previously shown that a deficiency of CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in Yeti mice that exhibit IFNγ-mediated hyper-inflammation. Although iNKT cell-deficiency resulted in reduced Foxp3 expression by mesenteric lymph node (MLN) CD4+ [...] Read more.
We have previously shown that a deficiency of CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in Yeti mice that exhibit IFNγ-mediated hyper-inflammation. Although iNKT cell-deficiency resulted in reduced Foxp3 expression by mesenteric lymph node (MLN) CD4+ T cells in DSS-treated Yeti mice, the cellular mechanisms that regulate Foxp3 expression by CD25+CD4+ T cells during intestinal inflammation remain unclear. We found that Foxp3CD25+CD4+ T cells expressing Th1 and Th17 phenotypic hallmarks preferentially expanded in the MLNs of DSS-treated Yeti/CD1d knockout (KO) mice. Moreover, adoptive transfer of Yeti iNKT cells into iNKT cell-deficient Jα18 KO mice effectively suppressed the expansion of MLN Foxp3CD25+CD4+ T cells during DSS-induced colitis. Interestingly, MLN dendritic cells (DCs) purified from DSS-treated Yeti/CD1d KO mice promoted the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into Foxp3CD25+CD4+ T cells rather than regulatory T (Treg) cells, indicating that MLN DCs might mediate Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ T cell expansion in iNKT cell-sufficient Yeti mice. Furthermore, we showed that Foxp3CD25+CD4+ T cells were pathogenic in DSS-treated Yeti/CD1d KO mice. Our result suggests that pro-inflammatory DCs and CD1d-restricted iNKT cells play opposing roles in Foxp3 expression by MLN CD25+CD4+ T cells during IFNγ-mediated intestinal inflammation, with potential therapeutic implications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulatory T Cells in Human Disease and in Transplantation)
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