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Host-Virus Interaction

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2025 | Viewed by 1135

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
Interests: alphavirus; coronavirus; viral replication; virus-host interaction; viral evolution; deep mutational scanning

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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Science for Benefit of the Humanity, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
Interests: hepatitis B virus; virus disease; molecular virology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Viral infectious diseases continue to pose grave risks to public health. To better respond to emerging and re-emerging viruses, it is crucial to develop a comprehensive understanding of viral life cycles and virus–host interactions. Viruses rely on hijacking host cellular machinery for entry, replication, and propagation, while a host employs diverse defense strategies, including interferon signaling, autophagy, RNA interference, and the deployment of restriction factors to counteract infection. However, viruses have developed evasion strategies, such as escaping recognition from intracellular sensors, inhibiting interferon signaling pathways, manipulating host gene expression, and regulating the autophagy and degradation pathways. This ongoing molecular arms race between viruses and host cells ultimately shapes the outcome of infections. These insights into virus–host interactions enhance our understanding of viral pathogenesis and are essential for the development of effective antiviral strategies, vaccines, and therapeutics.

In this Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, we invite all types of manuscripts, including reviews, research articles, and short communications, focusing on virus–host interactions. Through this collection of articles, we hope that we can advance our knowledge on virus–host interactions so that we have a faster and more effective pandemic response in the future.

This Special Issue is supervised by Dr. Xupeng Hong and Dr. Xiaohui Ju and assisted by our Guest Editor Assistant Dr. Yan Wang (, University of Texas Medical Branch).

Dr. Xiaohui Ju
Dr. Xupeng Hong
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • viral entry
  • viral replication
  • virus assembly and release
  • pro-viral factors
  • restriction factors
  • interferon pathway
  • viral immune evasion
  • antiviral strategies

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 19921 KB  
Article
Ultrastructural Insight into Rift Valley Fever Virus Pathogenesis in Different Human Cell Types
by Daniele Lapa, Maria Anele Romeo, Leonardo Duca, Carlotta Castelli, Eliana Specchiarello, Fabrizio Maggi and Laura Falasca
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(17), 8183; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26178183 - 23 Aug 2025
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Abstract
Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) is an arbovirus that predominantly affects sheep, goats, and cattle, causing epizootics in livestock and epidemics in humans. Infection in pregnant livestock leads to high abortion rates and neonatal mortality. In humans, RVFV usually causes a self-limiting febrile [...] Read more.
Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) is an arbovirus that predominantly affects sheep, goats, and cattle, causing epizootics in livestock and epidemics in humans. Infection in pregnant livestock leads to high abortion rates and neonatal mortality. In humans, RVFV usually causes a self-limiting febrile illness, but severe forms can develop, such as hepatitis, hemorrhage, encephalitis, and death. In addition, the association between RVFV infection during pregnancy and miscarriages or stillbirths has been documented. RVFV is transmitted by a range of mosquito species, and, due to the diffusion of these insects, the virus has spread in several world regions, making possible the risk of a public health emergency. Nevertheless, research remains limited and cellular pathology is still poorly characterized. This work aimed to fill some knowledge gaps on the comprehension of RVFV pathogenesis. For this purpose, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to analyze cellular modifications associated with RVFV morphogenesis in four human cell lines (HuH-7, LAN-5, A549, and HTR-8/SVneo) derived from liver, brain, lung, and placenta. Our results showed that all four cell lines are permissive to RVFV infection and highlighted differences in the cytopathogenesis associated with the cell type. These findings could have important implications in understanding disease mechanisms and developing antiviral strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host-Virus Interaction)
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Review

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18 pages, 941 KB  
Review
Hijacking the Host Cell for Replication: Pro-Viral Host Factors Involved in EVA71 Infection
by Qian Wang, Xing Wu, Mingchen Liu, Lu Li, Ying Wang, Qian He, Xuanxuan Zhang, Zhenglun Liang, Fan Gao and Xiao Ma
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(16), 7992; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26167992 - 19 Aug 2025
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Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EVA71) is a major pathogen that causes hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). Although the symptoms of HFMD can be self-limiting, severe meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis, and acute flaccid paralysis may occur. Upon EVA71 infection, the host cells deploy an intricate network [...] Read more.
Enterovirus A71 (EVA71) is a major pathogen that causes hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). Although the symptoms of HFMD can be self-limiting, severe meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis, and acute flaccid paralysis may occur. Upon EVA71 infection, the host cells deploy an intricate network of factors to orchestrate cellular responses and maintain cellular homeostasis. However, the virus has evolved various strategies to avoid unfavorable host restrictions and to establish a productive infection process. As response regimens are correlated with disease symptoms, exploring the interactions between the virus and host contributes to understanding the pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms of infection. In this review, we summarized the recent research progress related to pro-viral factors during EVA71 infection and discussed the underlying mechanisms employed by EVA71 to facilitate virion production. These insights may help identify antiviral therapeutic candidates and support vaccine development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host-Virus Interaction)
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