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Molecular Metabolism in Human Health and Disease

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2026 | Viewed by 1823

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Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
Interests: genetic markers; sleep apnea; exosomes; single cell; snRNA-seq; metabolic dysfunction; animal models for sleep apnea
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Molecular metabolism is fundamental to human health, governing how cells generate energy, regulate hormones, and synthesize essential biomolecules. When functioning optimally, these processes support critical systems such as brain activity, immune response, and tissue maintenance. However, disruptions in metabolic pathways are closely linked to the development of major diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Insulin resistance, for example, impairs glucose uptake and leads to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. In cancer, cells reprogram metabolic activity—often relying on aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect)—to support rapid growth and survival.

Recent advances in molecular biology and metabolomics have transformed our ability to investigate these disruptions at a granular level. Researchers can now map how genetic, dietary, and environmental factors interact to alter metabolism, revealing targets for highly specific therapeutic interventions. This growing body of knowledge is shifting the medical model from treating symptoms to correcting metabolic dysfunction at its root. Strategies such as enzyme-modulating drugs, personalized nutrition, and metabolic profiling are emerging as powerful tools in precision medicine.

Understanding molecular metabolism is not only vital for combating disease—it also offers a foundation for promoting long-term health and longevity. As research deepens, metabolism is becoming a central focus in the future of medicine.

Prof. Dr. Abdelnaby Khalyfa
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • molecular metabolism
  • metabolic pathways
  • insulin resistance
  • Warburg effect
  • chronic disease
  • metabolomics
  • precision medicine
  • metabolic dysfunction
  • cancer metabolism
  • personalized nutrition
  • enzyme-targeted therapy
  • systems biology
  • cellular energy
  • metabolic health
  • preventative healthcare

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 631 KB  
Article
Assessment of Migration of the Urethral Bulking Agent Zhoabex G® from the Urethral Injection Site to the Distant Organs in a Rabbit Model
by Bhagath Kumar Potu, Diaa Rizk, Muna Aljishi, Ameera Sultan, Wael Amin Nasr El-Din, Stefano Salvatore and Safa Taha
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(21), 10286; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262110286 - 22 Oct 2025
Viewed by 485
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA)-based urethral bulking agents are promising for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), but migration risks to distant organs remain a concern. This study evaluated the migration and cytotoxicity of Zhoabex G®, an HA-based bulking agent, in a [...] Read more.
Hyaluronic acid (HA)-based urethral bulking agents are promising for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), but migration risks to distant organs remain a concern. This study evaluated the migration and cytotoxicity of Zhoabex G®, an HA-based bulking agent, in a female rabbit model. Twenty-seven female New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into control (no injection), sham (saline), and experimental (Zhoabex G®) groups (n = 9 each). After 5 months, tissues from the kidney, lung, liver, and spleen were analyzed using quantitative RT-PCR for hyaluronan synthase (HAS1, HAS2, HAS3) and hyaluronidase (HYAL2) gene expression, and ELISA for HA concentrations. No significant differences in gene expression were observed across groups (p ≥ 0.05, range: 0.166–0.997), with experimental fold change values near sham baselines (e.g., kidney HAS2: 0.987 ± 0.071, p = 0.422). Similarly, HA concentrations showed no group differences (p = 0.577; e.g., kidney: 119.2–121.8 ng/mL), reflecting organ-specific basal levels. These findings indicate that Zhoabex G® remains localized at the urethral injection site, with no evidence of migration or cytotoxicity in distant organs. The biodegradable and non-particulate nature of Zhoabex G® further supports its safety for SUI treatment, warranting further clinical investigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Metabolism in Human Health and Disease)
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Review

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21 pages, 1530 KB  
Review
Cardiac Metabolomic Alterations in Diabetes: Interplay with Lipoprotein Lipase—A Systematic Review
by Jiarui Gu, Xumeng Han, Xiaoli Chen, Aiping Lyu and Kenneth C. P. Cheung
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(23), 11501; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311501 - 27 Nov 2025
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Abstract
We conducted a systematic review on cardiac metabolomic alterations in type 2 diabetes and the interplay with lipoprotein lipase (LPL). To synthesize evidence on LPL activity, cardiac metabolomics, and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. EMBASE, PsycINFO, AMED, LILACS, and Web of Science [...] Read more.
We conducted a systematic review on cardiac metabolomic alterations in type 2 diabetes and the interplay with lipoprotein lipase (LPL). To synthesize evidence on LPL activity, cardiac metabolomics, and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. EMBASE, PsycINFO, AMED, LILACS, and Web of Science were searched from January 2000 to August 2025; last searches: EMBASE [22 August 2025], PsycINFO [22 August 2025], AMED [22 August 2025], LILACS [22 August 2025], Web of Science [22 August 2025]. Original human studies in type 2 diabetes reporting cardiac metabolomics and LPL activity; no language restrictions. Two reviewers independently screened records/reports and extracted data; risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2 (randomized trials), ROBINS-I (nonrandomized studies), and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (observational). We planned random-effects meta-analyses using mean difference/standardized mean difference or risk ratio, quantified heterogeneity with I2 and τ2, examined small-study effects with funnel plots/Egger’s test, and rated certainty with GRADE. We included 11 studies (n = 541). LPL modulation was associated with improved triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C, and selected metabolomic markers; heterogeneity ranged I2 = [97–99]%. Heterogeneous metabolomic platforms and LPL assays; several small observational studies. The review was registered in PROSPERO, ID: CRD42025632960. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Metabolism in Human Health and Disease)
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21 pages, 1270 KB  
Review
Ferroptosis in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Atherosclerosis: Mechanisms and Clinical Prospects
by Wenqiong Huang, Xumeng Han, Zongzhen Meng, Xiaoli Chen, Aiping Lyu and Kenneth C. P. Cheung
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(21), 10661; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262110661 - 1 Nov 2025
Viewed by 871
Abstract
Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), particularly diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and atherosclerosis (AS). This review comprehensively explores the metabolic pathways underlying ferroptosis, including dysregulation of iron, lipid, amino acid, and [...] Read more.
Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), particularly diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and atherosclerosis (AS). This review comprehensively explores the metabolic pathways underlying ferroptosis, including dysregulation of iron, lipid, amino acid, and glucose metabolism, as well as involvement of the mevalonate pathway and key regulators such as NRF2 and p53. We analyze the cell type-specific mechanisms through which ferroptosis contributes to DCM and AS, driving myocardial dysfunction, plaque instability, and inflammatory amplification. Furthermore, we discuss emerging therapeutic strategies targeting ferroptosis, such as iron chelators, antioxidants, lipoxygenase inhibitors, ACSL4 inhibitors, nitroxides, and selenium supplements, which demonstrate potential in mitigating oxidative stress, restoring iron homeostasis, and suppressing inflammation. This review underscores the clinical relevance of targeting ferroptosis and highlights its promise as a novel therapeutic avenue for treating cardiometabolic diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Metabolism in Human Health and Disease)
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