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Multiplicity of Cerebrospinal Fluid Functions in Health and Disease
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Multiplicity of Cerebrospinal Fluid Functions in Health and Disease

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2024) | Viewed by 3497

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jaleel Miyan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, 3.540 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M34 2RJ, UK
Interests: cerebrospinal fluid; brain development; cerebral folate metabolism; hydrocephalus; neurological conditions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, interest has grown in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a physiological fluid supporting brain development, function and health. Attention has focused on the source of CSF, the choroid plexus epithelium, as the compoisition of CSF is unique and controlled. The role of CSF in brain development, normal function and health of the brain, is becoming clear, particularly in metabolic processes, supply of nutrients, metabolies and vitamins. Then, we have the vital role of CSF in removal of metabolic and cellular waste products including amyloid and cellular breakdown products. Here, the high volume of CSF production becomes important as decreased CSF output has bene linked to amyloid deposition and dementia. The lack of efficient drainage also clearly leads to metabolic dysfunction, specifically in folate metabolism but no doubt in other pathways as well. The recent hot topic in CSF research is, of course, the glymphatic pathway which has certain issues in its application to the global fluid dynamics of the brain since the perivascular spaces exist only in the topmost layer of the brain. This Special Issue will hopefully explore the different aspects of CSF biology, physiology and functions from different directions and fuel further interactions, debate and research to find answers to questions on this poorly studied physiological fluid.

Dr. Jaleel Miyan
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • cerebrospinal fluid
  • choroid plexus
  • glymphatics
  • arachnoid
  • physiology
  • function
  • disease

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 2334 KiB  
Article
Accumulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid, Ventricular Enlargement, and Cerebral Folate Metabolic Errors Unify a Diverse Group of Neuropsychiatric Conditions Affecting Adult Neocortical Functions
by Lena Ikeda, Adrià Vilaseca Capel, Dhruti Doddaballapur and Jaleel Miyan
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(18), 10205; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251810205 - 23 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1449
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a fluid critical to brain development, function, and health. It is actively secreted by the choroid plexus, and it emanates from brain tissue due to osmolar exchange and the constant contribution of brain metabolism and astroglial fluid output to [...] Read more.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a fluid critical to brain development, function, and health. It is actively secreted by the choroid plexus, and it emanates from brain tissue due to osmolar exchange and the constant contribution of brain metabolism and astroglial fluid output to interstitial fluid into the ventricles of the brain. CSF acts as a growth medium for the developing cerebral cortex and a source of nutrients and signalling throughout life. Together with perivascular glymphatic and interstitial fluid movement through the brain and into CSF, it also acts to remove toxins and maintain metabolic balance. In this study, we focused on cerebral folate status, measuring CSF concentrations of folate receptor alpha (FOLR1); aldehyde dehydrogenase 1L1, also known as 10-formyl tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (ALDH1L1 and FDH); and total folate. These demonstrate the transport of folate from blood across the blood–CSF barrier and into CSF (FOLR1 + folate), and the transport of folate through the primary FDH pathway from CSF into brain FDH + ve astrocytes. Based on our hypothesis that CSF flow, drainage issues, or osmotic forces, resulting in fluid accumulation, would have an associated cerebral folate imbalance, we investigated folate status in CSF from neurological conditions that have a severity association with enlarged ventricles. We found that all the conditions we examined had a folate imbalance, but these folate imbalances were not all the same. Given that folate is essential for key cellular processes, including DNA/RNA synthesis, methylation, nitric oxide, and neurotransmitter synthesis, we conclude that ageing or some form of trauma in life can lead to CSF accumulation and ventricular enlargement and result in a specific folate imbalance/deficiency associated with the specific neurological condition. We believe that addressing cerebral folate imbalance may therefore alleviate many of the underlying deficits and symptoms in these conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiplicity of Cerebrospinal Fluid Functions in Health and Disease)
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13 pages, 1470 KiB  
Article
Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Occurs Independently of CSF Osmolality
by Sara Diana Lolansen, Nina Rostgaard, Tenna Capion, Nicolas H. Norager, Markus Harboe Olsen, Marianne Juhler, Tiit Illimar Mathiesen and Nanna MacAulay
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(14), 11476; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411476 - 14 Jul 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1499
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the development of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) remain incompletely understood. As the disease pathogenesis often cannot be attributed to visible cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage obstructions, we here aimed to elucidate whether elevated CSF osmolality following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) could potentiate [...] Read more.
The molecular mechanisms underlying the development of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) remain incompletely understood. As the disease pathogenesis often cannot be attributed to visible cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage obstructions, we here aimed to elucidate whether elevated CSF osmolality following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) could potentiate the formation of ventricular fluid, and thereby contribute to the pathological CSF accumulation observed in PHH. The CSF osmolality was determined in 32 patients with acute SAH after external ventricular drainage (EVD) placement and again upon EVD removal and compared with the CSF osmolality from 14 healthy control subjects undergoing vascular clipping of an unruptured aneurism. However, we found no evidence of elevated CSF osmolality or electrolyte concentration in patients with SAH when compared to that of healthy control subjects. We detected no difference in CSF osmolality and electrolyte content in patients with successful EVD weaning versus those that were shunted due to PHH. Taken together, elevated CSF osmolality does not appear to underlie the development of PHH following SAH. The pathological CSF accumulation observed in this patient group must thus instead be attributed to other pathological alterations associated with the abnormal presence of blood within the CSF compartments following SAH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiplicity of Cerebrospinal Fluid Functions in Health and Disease)
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