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Dr. Jesús Francisco García-Gavilán

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1. Hospital Universitari San Joan de Reus, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Reus, Spain
2. Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
3. Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
Interests: nutrition; diet; Mediterranean diet; public health; lifestyle; epidemiology; obesity; diabetes; cardiovascular diseases; cognition
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Dear Colleagues,

Obesity has become one of the most serious world health problems, and many government institutions invest money in its prevention. Despite this, the biological mechanisms involved in its development have not yet been studied in depth, and there have been no relevant discoveries in recent years that represent a paradigm shift. The promotion of the omic sciences can bring about a change in this perspective. The integration of genetics, metabolomics, or epigenetics can represent a new technological leap that could favor the advancement of new, more precise, and individualized preventive and therapeutic strategies. Leading by Dr. Jesús Francisco García-Gavilan and assisting by our Topical Advisory Panel Member Dr. Indira Paz-Graniel (Universitat Rovira i Virgili), this Special Issue aims to present the current advances in the use of omic sciences and the integration of several of its disciplines in the treatment and prevention of the development of obesity.

Dr. Jesús Francisco García-Gavilán
Guest Editor

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Keywords

omics science
metabolomics
metagenomics
epigenomics
transcriptomics
obesity

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 10545 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Brain Metabolome Is Modified by Obesity in a Sex-Dependent Manner

by Jennifer E. Norman, Dragan Milenkovic, Saivageethi Nuthikattu and Amparo C. Villablanca

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(6), 3475; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063475 - 20 Mar 2024

Viewed by 659

Abstract

Obesity is linked to cognitive decline and metabolic dysregulation in the brain, yet the role of sex is relatively unexplored. We sought to explore the effects of obesity and sex on the brain metabolome. In male and female ob/ob and wild-type mice, we assessed whole brain untargeted metabolomics by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, behavior by open field test, and cognitive function by Y-maze and Morris water maze. The metabolic profiles of ob/ob and wild-type mice differed in both sexes. There were more obesity-altered brain metabolites in males than females. Thirty-nine metabolites were unique to males, 15 were unique to females, and five were common to both sexes. Two of the common metabolites were involved in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide homeostasis. A key feature of the metabolites identified in males was an increase in free fatty acids. In females, a unique feature was the presence of the neuro-modulatory metabolites 2-linoleoyl glycerol and taurine. The behavioral effects of obesity were only seen in females. These results demonstrate that most impacts of obesity on the brain metabolomic profile are sex-specific. Our work has implications for understanding the role of obesity in brain metabolism and the differential contribution of obesity to cognitive decline in males and females. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Insights in Obesity and Metabolism)

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10 pages, 2317 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Epigenetic Marks as Predictors of Metabolic Response to Bariatric Surgery: Validation from an Epigenome Wide Association Study

by Carolina Gutiérrez-Repiso, Antonio Cantarero-Cuenca, Andrés González-Jiménez, Teresa Linares-Pineda, Nerea Peña-Montero, Luis Ocaña-Wilhelmi, Francisco J. Tinahones and Sonsoles Morcillo

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(19), 14778; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914778 - 30 Sep 2023

Viewed by 735

Abstract

Little is known about the potential role of epigenetic marks as predictors of the resolution of obesity-related comorbidities after bariatric surgery. In this study, 20 patients were classified according to the metabolic improvement observed 6 months after sleeve gastrectomy, based on the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, into responders if metabolic syndrome reversed after bariatric surgery (n = 10) and non-responders if they had metabolic syndrome bariatric surgery (n = 10). Blood DNA methylation was analyzed at both study points using the Infinium Methylation EPIC Bead Chip array-based platform. Twenty-six CpG sites and their annotated genes, which were previously described to be associated with metabolic status, were evaluated. Cg11445109 and cg19469447 (annotated to Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) gene) were significantly more hypomethylated in the responder group than in the non-responder group at both study points, whilst cg25828445 (annotated to Nucleolar Protein Interacting With The FHA Domain Of MKI67 Pseudogene 3 (NIFKP3) gene) showed to be significantly more hypermethylated in the non-responder group compared to the responder group at both study points. The analysis of the methylation sites annotated to the associated genes showed that CYP2E1 had 40% of the differentially methylated CpG sites, followed by Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class II, DR Beta 1 (HLA-DRB1) (33.33%) and Zinc Finger Protein, FOG Family Member 2 (ZFPM2) (26.83%). Cg11445109, cg19469447 and cg25828445 could have a role in the prediction of metabolic status and potential value as biomarkers of response to bariatric surgery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Insights in Obesity and Metabolism)

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