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Molecular Pathways of Proteostasis in Aging and Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2025) | Viewed by 1404

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Interests: aging; proteostasis; healthspan; diet; microbiome

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Proteostasis—the maintenance of cellular protein homeostasis—is crucial for preserving the stability and functionality of the proteome. This dynamic process involves protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation, all finely balanced by complex regulatory networks. However, during aging and in various diseases, proteostasis often becomes impaired, leading to the accumulation of misfolded proteins and toxic aggregates. This disruption is particularly evident in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s, where protein misfolding and aggregation play central roles in pathogenesis. Additionally, proteostasis imbalance contributes to muscle atrophy, heart dysfunction, and other age-related disorders for which effective treatments remain limited.

As Guest Editor of this Special Issue of IJMS, titled “Molecular Pathways of Proteostasis in Aging and Diseases”, I invite submissions exploring the molecular mechanisms governing proteostasis and its regulation during aging and disease progression. Topics may include protein quality control systems, the unfolded protein response, the role of chaperones, and mechanisms underlying protein aggregation. Studies investigating strategies to enhance proteostasis for promoting healthy aging are particularly welcome. We encourage original research articles, reviews, perspectives, and methodological reports that advance our understanding of how proteostasis can be modulated to mitigate disease and enhance longevity.

Dr. Emmanouil Kyriakakis
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • proteostasis
  • aging
  • neurodegenerative diseases
  • UPR
  • autophagy
  • ER stress
  • HSR
  • longevity
  • healthspan
  • quality control mechanisms
  • muscle atrophy
  • cardiovascular disease

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

43 pages, 6032 KB  
Article
Modulation of mTOR Within Retinal Pigment Epithelium Affects Cell Viability and Mitochondrial Pathology
by Gloria Lazzeri, Michela Ferrucci, Paola Lenzi, Maria Anita Giambelluca, Francesca Biagioni, Carla Letizia Busceti, Alessandro Frati and Francesco Fornai
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(19), 9442; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199442 - 26 Sep 2025
Viewed by 1020
Abstract
The relevance of well-structured mitochondria in sustaining the integrity of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is increasingly evident. Conversely, altered mitochondria are a culprit of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is influenced by the activity of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). In the [...] Read more.
The relevance of well-structured mitochondria in sustaining the integrity of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is increasingly evident. Conversely, altered mitochondria are a culprit of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is influenced by the activity of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). In the present manuscript, the mitochondrial status of RPE cells was investigated by light and electron microscopy following the administration of various doses of compounds, which modulate mTOR. The study combines MitoTracker dyes and mitochondrial immunohistochemistry with in situ mitochondrial morphometry. Various doses of 3-methyladenine (3-MA), curcumin, and rapamycin were administered alone or in combination. The activity of autophagy and mTOR was quantified following each treatment. Administration of 3-MA led to activation of mTOR, which was associated with severe cell death, altered membrane permeability, and altered ZO-1 expression. In this condition, mitochondrial mass was reduced, despite a dramatic increase in damaged mitochondria being reported. The decrease in healthy mitochondria was concomitant with alterations in key mitochondria-related antigens such as Tomm20, Pink1, and Parkin. Specific mitochondrial alterations were quantified through in situ ultrastructural morphometry. Both curcumin and rapamycin counteract mTOR activation and rescue mitochondrial status, while preventing RPE cell loss and misplacement of decreased ZO-1 expression. Mitigation of mTOR may protect mitochondria in retinal degeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Pathways of Proteostasis in Aging and Diseases)
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