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Advances in the Study of Cell Cycle

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 September 2023) | Viewed by 15596

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan
Interests: ubiquitin modification; moyamoya disease; cell cycle regulation; signal transduction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The cell cycle is divided into two fundamental phases: interphase and mitosis. In the interphase, cells replicate their genome. Preceded by the G1 gap phase, the S phase occurs, and chromosomes are replicated and followed by the G2 gap phase. Through the interphase, G1/S checkpoint and S phase checkpoint, and G2 checkpoint control cell cycle progression to ensure error-free genomes. In mitosis, duplicated genomes are segregated into daughter cells, resulting in the completion of the cell cycle. Mitosis coordinates the cell architecture to segregate the proper number of chromosomes and divide the cells. The spindle assembly checkpoint maintains the chromosome number, and the cytokinesis checkpoint coordinates chromosome segregation and cell division for the next cell cycle.

The growth and development of an organism are closely related to cell cycle regulation, e.g., the development of a fertilized egg. Tight regulations via cell cycle progression and checkpoint machinery ensure the maintenance of the genome and prevent aberrant cell cycle progression. The nature of molecular mechanisms that regulate the progression of the cell cycle has been identified; dysregulation of this process can lead to diseases, including cancer and degenerative disorders. However, understanding the mechanisms operating in the cell division cycle is still required. In this Special Issue, we focus on regulator proteins contributing to the control of the cell cycle.

We invite original research papers and reviews discussing updates on cell cycle machinery and cell cycle checkpoint mechanisms. Papers and reviews on cell cycle regulation in the developmental stages and meiotic cell cycle regulation, and tissue-specific cell cycle regulation are also welcomed. Finally, we encourage the submission of manuscripts focusing on defects in cell cycle checkpoints in cancer and diseases. We look forward to your contributions.

Dr. Toshiyuki Habu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • cell cycle machinery
  • cell cycle checkpoint mechanism
  • DNA damage checkpoint
  • cell cycle regulation in the developmental stages
  • meiotic cell cycle regulation
  • tissue-specific cell cycle regulation

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 5292 KiB  
Article
A Multimodel Study of the Role of Novel PKC Isoforms in the DNA Integrity Checkpoint
by Sara Saiz-Baggetto, Laura Dolz-Edo, Ester Méndez, Pau García-Bolufer, Miquel Marí, M. Carmen Bañó, Isabel Fariñas, José Manuel Morante-Redolat, J. Carlos Igual and Inma Quilis
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(21), 15796; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115796 - 31 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1042
Abstract
The protein kinase C (PKC) family plays important regulatory roles in numerous cellular processes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a single PKC, Pkc1, whereas in mammals, the PKC family comprises nine isoforms. Both Pkc1 and the novel isoform PKCδ are involved in the control of [...] Read more.
The protein kinase C (PKC) family plays important regulatory roles in numerous cellular processes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a single PKC, Pkc1, whereas in mammals, the PKC family comprises nine isoforms. Both Pkc1 and the novel isoform PKCδ are involved in the control of DNA integrity checkpoint activation, demonstrating that this mechanism is conserved from yeast to mammals. To explore the function of PKCδ in a non-tumor cell line, we employed CRISPR-Cas9 technology to obtain PKCδ knocked-out mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). This model demonstrated that the absence of PKCδ reduced the activation of the effector kinase CHK1, although it suggested that other isoform(s) might contribute to this function. Therefore, we used yeast to study the ability of each single PKC isoform to activate the DNA integrity checkpoint. Our analysis identified that PKCθ, the closest isoform to PKCδ, was also able to perform this function, although with less efficiency. Then, by generating truncated and mutant versions in key residues, we uncovered differences between the activation mechanisms of PKCδ and PKCθ and identified their essential domains. Our work strongly supports the role of PKC as a key player in the DNA integrity checkpoint pathway and highlights the advantages of combining distinct research models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Study of Cell Cycle)
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Review

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16 pages, 1353 KiB  
Review
Separase and Roads to Disengage Sister Chromatids during Anaphase
by Marketa Konecna, Soodabeh Abbasi Sani and Martin Anger
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(5), 4604; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054604 - 27 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4362
Abstract
Receiving complete and undamaged genetic information is vital for the survival of daughter cells after chromosome segregation. The most critical steps in this process are accurate DNA replication during S phase and a faithful chromosome segregation during anaphase. Any errors in DNA replication [...] Read more.
Receiving complete and undamaged genetic information is vital for the survival of daughter cells after chromosome segregation. The most critical steps in this process are accurate DNA replication during S phase and a faithful chromosome segregation during anaphase. Any errors in DNA replication or chromosome segregation have dire consequences, since cells arising after division might have either changed or incomplete genetic information. Accurate chromosome segregation during anaphase requires a protein complex called cohesin, which holds together sister chromatids. This complex unifies sister chromatids from their synthesis during S phase, until separation in anaphase. Upon entry into mitosis, the spindle apparatus is assembled, which eventually engages kinetochores of all chromosomes. Additionally, when kinetochores of sister chromatids assume amphitelic attachment to the spindle microtubules, cells are finally ready for the separation of sister chromatids. This is achieved by the enzymatic cleavage of cohesin subunits Scc1 or Rec8 by an enzyme called Separase. After cohesin cleavage, sister chromatids remain attached to the spindle apparatus and their poleward movement on the spindle is initiated. The removal of cohesion between sister chromatids is an irreversible step and therefore it must be synchronized with assembly of the spindle apparatus, since precocious separation of sister chromatids might lead into aneuploidy and tumorigenesis. In this review, we focus on recent discoveries concerning the regulation of Separase activity during the cell cycle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Study of Cell Cycle)
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18 pages, 1818 KiB  
Review
Basic Methods of Cell Cycle Analysis
by Anna Ligasová, Ivo Frydrych and Karel Koberna
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(4), 3674; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043674 - 12 Feb 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 9441
Abstract
Cellular growth and the preparation of cells for division between two successive cell divisions is called the cell cycle. The cell cycle is divided into several phases; the length of these particular cell cycle phases is an important characteristic of cell life. The [...] Read more.
Cellular growth and the preparation of cells for division between two successive cell divisions is called the cell cycle. The cell cycle is divided into several phases; the length of these particular cell cycle phases is an important characteristic of cell life. The progression of cells through these phases is a highly orchestrated process governed by endogenous and exogenous factors. For the elucidation of the role of these factors, including pathological aspects, various methods have been developed. Among these methods, those focused on the analysis of the duration of distinct cell cycle phases play important role. The main aim of this review is to guide the readers through the basic methods of the determination of cell cycle phases and estimation of their length, with a focus on the effectiveness and reproducibility of the described methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Study of Cell Cycle)
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