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Advanced Research on CAR-T Cell Therapy

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2025) | Viewed by 4537

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
Interests: antibody screening; T cell therapy;cancer vaccine; chimeric antigen receptor; T cell receptor; immunological synaps
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Although CAR T cell therapy is effective in liquid cancer therapy, its application in solid cancer is difficult. On the other hand, TCR T cell therapy appears to be effective in some cases, for example, NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A4. Compared with the TCR-T cell therapy, infused CAT T cells cannot be maintained for long or their function decreases rapidly. As a majority of infused cells differentiate into effector memory or terminal memory cells, central memory and stem cell memory formation is not enough. In this Special Issue, several studies will be reported. The co-expression of IL-7 and CCL19 can recruit APC cells and activate bystander host cells and induce antigen spread. The co-expression of membrane-bound IL-12 induces memory differentiation after antigen stimulation and increased tumor suppression. Lymph-node-targeting amphiphile vaccine can boost CAR-T cells and induce antigen spread. Using these approaches and few new ones, several cases of solid tumors will be cured with CAR T cell therapy.

Dr. Yasushi Akahori
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • CAR T cell therapy
  • T cell activation
  • memory lymphocyte differentiation
  • cancer vaccine
  • antigen spread

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 1853 KB  
Article
CRISPR/Cas9 TCR-Edited NKp30 CAR T Cells Exhibit Superior Anti-Tumor Immunity to B7H6-Expressing Leukemia and Melanoma
by Sedigheh Givi, Benedikt J. Lohnes, Saber Ebrahimi, Sophie Riedel, Sneha Khokhali, Shamsul A. Khan, Maximilian Keller, Catherine Wölfel, Hakim Echchannaoui, Ernesto Bockamp, Maya C. Andre, Hinrich Abken, Matthias Theobald and Udo F. Hartwig
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(17), 8235; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26178235 - 25 Aug 2025
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Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy directed to CD19 and B-cell maturation antigen has revolutionized treatment of B-cell leukemia and lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. However, identifying suitable targets for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains challenging due to concurrent expression of potential target antigens [...] Read more.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy directed to CD19 and B-cell maturation antigen has revolutionized treatment of B-cell leukemia and lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. However, identifying suitable targets for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains challenging due to concurrent expression of potential target antigens on normal hematopoietic stem cells or tissues. As the stress-induced B7H6 molecule is rarely found on normal tissues but expressed on many cancers including AML and melanoma, the NKp30-ligand B7H6 emerges as a promising target for NKp30-based CAR T therapy for these tumors. In this study, we report a comprehensive B7H6 expression analysis on primary AML and melanoma as well as on different tumor cell-lines examined by RT-qPCR and flow cytometry, and efficient anti-tumor reactivity of NKp30-CAR T cells to AML and melanoma. To overcome limitations of autologous CAR T-cell fitness-dependent efficacy and patient-tailored production, we generated CRISPR/Cas9-mediated TCR-knockout (TCRKO) NKp30-CAR T cells as an off-the-shelf approach for CAR T therapy. Functional studies comparing NKp30-CD28 CAR or NKp30-CD137 CAR TCR+ and TCRKO T lymphocytes revealed superior anti-tumoral immunity of NKp30-CD28 CAR TCRKO T cells to AML and melanoma cell lines in vitro, and effective control of tumor burden in an NSG melanoma-xenograft mouse model. In conclusion, these findings highlight the therapeutic potential of NKp30 CAR TCRKO T cells for adoptive T-cell therapy to B7H6-expressing cancers, including melanoma and AML. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research on CAR-T Cell Therapy)
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Review

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18 pages, 1392 KB  
Review
Enhancing CAR T-Cell Function with Domains of Innate Immunity Sensors
by Tjaša Mlakar, Mojca Skrbinek, Tina Fink and Duško Lainšček
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(3), 1339; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26031339 - 5 Feb 2025
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Abstract
The innate immune system plays an important role in protecting the organism via recognizing the danger signals and pathogens through pattern recognition receptors. By sensing the danger signal and conveying the signaling towards the elimination of the threat, several families of these receptors, [...] Read more.
The innate immune system plays an important role in protecting the organism via recognizing the danger signals and pathogens through pattern recognition receptors. By sensing the danger signal and conveying the signaling towards the elimination of the threat, several families of these receptors, expressed on different myeloid and innate lymphoid cells, serve as the first defense line in the innate immunity. Toll-like receptors, C-type lectin receptors, and many other receptors therefore illustrate the importance of the protective role of the immune system. This was additionally confirmed by CAR T-cell-based cancer immunotherapy, where the patient’s own immune system is being used for successful tumor elimination. CAR T-cells have proven themselves to be a potent therapeutic option, yet in some cases their efficiency could be enhanced. Innate immune sensors that include strong activation and signaling domains, for instance, part of the Toll-like receptors, MyD88 (Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response gene), NKG2D (Natural killer group 2-member D), and many other domains, could be used as a CAR building module to increase the functionality and potency of the CAR T-cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research on CAR-T Cell Therapy)
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