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Mechanistic Insights into Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Pain Therapies: From Cellular Responses to Therapy Outcomes

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pharmacology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2026 | Viewed by 1734

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
Interests: neuropathic pain; inflammatory pain; acupuncture analgesia

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Millions of people worldwide suffer from chronic pain, which significantly lowers their quality of life and interferes with their ability to function on a daily basis. Non-pharmacological interventions are becoming more well known due to their efficacy and fewer adverse effects, although pharmaceutical treatments have historically been the standard approach. However, our understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms of these interventions is still lacking, which hinders their best use and development.

In order to bridge the gap between fundamental research and clinical practice, this Special Issue attempts to shed light on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying non-pharmacological pain therapies. It aims to promote multidisciplinary cooperation and aid in the timely creation of evidence-based, non-pharmacological methods for managing chronic pain. This Special Issue will focus on the following topics, although we acknowledge that they are not the only important ones in this area of research:

  1. Molecular Mechanisms: Studying the signaling cascades and molecular pathways triggered by pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, such as modifications to neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and molecules linked to neuroplasticity.
  2. Cellular Mechanisms: Analyzing how neurons, glia, and immune cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems react to pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatments, with a focus on adaptations brought about by therapy.
  3. The Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Integrative Approaches: Analyzing the synergistic outcomes and signaling pathways involved in integrated treatments that include both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods, and their joint role in modifying pain mechanisms.

Dr. Sungtae Koo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • neuromodulation
  • neural plasticity
  • glial activation
  • endogenous pain modulation
  • neuroinflammation
  • therapeutic mechanisms

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 1952 KB  
Article
Electroacupuncture Alleviates Neuropathic Pain by Inhibiting Spinal CCL2-Driven Microglial Activation
by Vishnumolakala Sindhuri, Min-Jae Koo, Seung Heon Jeon, Ki-Tae Ha, Seungtae Kim and Sungtae Koo
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(18), 9049; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26189049 - 17 Sep 2025
Viewed by 1436
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) has shown analgesic potential for neuropathic pain, yet its underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate whether EA relieves neuropathic pain by modulating CCL2/CCR2 signaling and microglial activation in the spinal cord. Neuropathic pain was induced in [...] Read more.
Electroacupuncture (EA) has shown analgesic potential for neuropathic pain, yet its underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate whether EA relieves neuropathic pain by modulating CCL2/CCR2 signaling and microglial activation in the spinal cord. Neuropathic pain was induced in rats by L5 spinal nerve ligation. EA was administered at acupoints ST36 and GB34 (1 mA, 2 Hz, 30 min) daily from postoperative days 3 to 7. Rats were assigned to anesthetized control (ANE), non-acupoint stimulation (NAP), and acupoint stimulation (ACU) groups. Pain behavior was evaluated using paw withdrawal threshold and latency. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to assess CCL2, CCR2, Iba1, IL-1β, and TNF-α expression in the L4–L6 spinal cord. EA significantly attenuated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in the ACU group, accompanied by reductions in CCL2, CCR2, microglial marker Iba1, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Most importantly, intrathecal administration of recombinant CCL2 completely abolished EA’s analgesic effects, establishing the causal necessity of CCL2/CCR2 signaling in EA-mediated analgesia. These findings suggest that EA exerts its analgesic effects through downregulation of the CCL2/CCR2 pathway and inhibition of microglial activation. The reversal of EA’s effects by exogenous CCL2 supports the critical role of spinal chemokine signaling in EA-mediated analgesia. Full article
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