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Advancements in Mast Cell Activation and Respiratory Conditions Updates
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Advancements in Mast Cell Activation and Respiratory Conditions Updates

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2024) | Viewed by 5401

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ramcés Falfán-Valencia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Sección XVI Tlalpan, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
Interests: respiratory medicine; genetic epidemiology; immunology; human biology; genetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is supervised by Dr. Ramcés Falfán-Valencia and assisted by our Topical Advisory Panel members, Dr. Leslie Chávez-Galán and Dr. Espiridion Ramos-Martínez.

We are pleased to invite you to contribute to our Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS), titled “Activation and Modulation of Mast Cells. An Update on Respiratory Physiological and Pathological Conditions”. This issue will cover a selection of recent research topics and current review articles, reporting the latest updates on mast cells with a particular emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of their activation and the ensuing cellular responses in respiratory physiological and pathological conditions beyond asthma and allergy.

Mast cells (MCs) are highly granular tissue-resident cells from the innate immune and neuroimmune systems and are critical participants in allergy, anaphylaxis, and various other conditions. A growing understanding of the mechanisms and regulation of mast cell activation and disease pathogenesis has led to substantial progress in developing new disease treatment strategies. Furthermore, the interaction between resident microbiota and mast cells has been recently investigated, revealing a new level of interaction between mast cells and microorganisms that is of homeostatic relevance.

MCs can be activated by pathogens, including nematodes, bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi, control the migration of antigen-presenting dendritic cells, or work as antigen-presenting cells, thus contributing to the initiation of innate immune and adaptive immune reactions. MCs are strategically located in different lung compartments and are recognized as central effectors and immunomodulators in many conditions. MC mediators activate a broad spectrum of cells of the innate and adaptive immune system during airway inflammation. Moreover, these cells modulate the activities of several structural cells, such as fibroblasts, airway smooth muscle cells, bronchial epithelial and goblet cells, and endothelial cells in the human lung.

Dr. Ramcés Falfán-Valencia
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mast cells
  • immune protection
  • inflammation
  • intestinal microbiota
  • genetic susceptibility
  • respiratory exacerbation
  • biomarkers
  • anaphylaxis
  • airway remodeling
  • biomass-burning smoke

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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8 pages, 1392 KiB  
Communication
Human Lung Mast Cells as a Possible Reservoir for Coronavirus: A Novel Unrecognized Mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 Immune-Mediated Pathology
by Rebecca Praetzel and Chris Kepley
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(12), 6511; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126511 - 13 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1119
Abstract
The pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health concern. Cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 depends on viral spike (S) proteins binding to cellular receptors (ACE2) and their subsequent priming by host cell proteases (TMPRSS2). Assessing effects of viral-induced host [...] Read more.
The pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health concern. Cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 depends on viral spike (S) proteins binding to cellular receptors (ACE2) and their subsequent priming by host cell proteases (TMPRSS2). Assessing effects of viral-induced host response factors and determining which cells are used by SARS-CoV-2 for entry might provide insights into viral transmission, add clarity to the virus’ pathogenesis, and possibly reveal therapeutic targets. Mast cells (MCs) are ubiquitously expressed tissue cells that act as immune sentinels given their ability to react specifically to pathogens at environmental interfaces, such as in the lung. Several lines of evidence suggest a critical role for MCs in SARS-CoV-2 infections based on patients’ mediator profiles, especially the “cytokine storm” responsible for most morbidity and mortality. In this pilot study, we demonstrated that human lung MCs (n = 3 donors) are a source of renin and that they upregulate the membrane receptor for SARS-CoV-2 (ACE2) as well as the protease required for cellular entry (TMPRSS2) under certain conditions. We hypothesized that infection of human MCs with SARS-CoV-2 may be a heretofore-unrecognized mechanism of viral pathogenesis, and further studies are required to assess this question. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Mast Cell Activation and Respiratory Conditions Updates)
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Review

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11 pages, 280 KiB  
Review
On Connective Tissue Mast Cells as Protectors of Life, Reproduction, and Progeny
by Klas Norrby
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(8), 4499; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084499 - 19 Apr 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3909
Abstract
The connective tissue mast cell (MC), a sentinel tissue-residing secretory immune cell, has been preserved in all vertebrate classes since approximately 500 million years. No physiological role of the MC has yet been established. Considering the power of natural selection of cells during [...] Read more.
The connective tissue mast cell (MC), a sentinel tissue-residing secretory immune cell, has been preserved in all vertebrate classes since approximately 500 million years. No physiological role of the MC has yet been established. Considering the power of natural selection of cells during evolution, it is likely that the MCs exert essential yet unidentified life-promoting actions. All vertebrates feature a circulatory system, and the MCs interact readily with the vasculature. It is notable that embryonic MC progenitors are generated from endothelial cells. The MC hosts many surface receptors, enabling its activation via a vast variety of potentially harmful exogenous and endogenous molecules and via reproductive hormones in the female sex organs. Activated MCs release a unique composition of preformed and newly synthesized bioactive molecules, like heparin, histamine, serotonin, proteolytic enzymes, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. MCs play important roles in immune responses, tissue remodeling, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, inflammation, wound healing, tissue homeostasis, health, and reproduction. As recently suggested, MCs enable perpetuation of the vertebrates because of key effects—spanning generations—in ovulation and pregnancy, as in life-preserving activities in inflammation and wound healing from birth till reproductive age, thus creating a permanent life-sustaining loop. Here, we present recent advances that further indicate that the MC is a specific life-supporting and progeny-safeguarding cell. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Mast Cell Activation and Respiratory Conditions Updates)
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