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Dear Colleagues,

The regulation of cellular growth and metabolism heavily depends on new proteins supplied by translation machinery. Post-transcriptional control of gene expression, RNA splicing, intracellular trafficking of RNAs, ribosome biogenesis, the availability of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) for protein synthesis, or the abundance of 7SL RNA for the protein translocation across and integration into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane all depend on different types of RNA, synthesized by different RNA polymerases. Eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerases are essential for the development and proper maintenance of the complex RNA web in the nucleus, nucleolus, and the cytoplasm, consisting of ribosomal RNAs (5S, 5.8S, 28S and 18S, and the mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNAs), messenger RNAs (mRNAs), other long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), micro RNAs (miRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), the non-coding 7SL RNA of the peptide signal recognition particle, the RNA subunit of RNase MRP, and noncapped small cytoplasmic RNAs (scRNAs), which govern extracellular and intracellular signaling and cellular growth and metabolism. The pathophysiologic deregulation of these components provides druggable targets of human diseases. This issue of IJMS aims to deliver the latest information and evidence on the multiple RNA facets of interactome involved in cell proliferation, growth, and metabolism.

Dr. Demetrios A. Arvanitis
Guest Editor

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Keywords

RNA pol I
RNA pol II
RNA pol III
transcription factors
RNA splicing
non-coding RNAs
circular RNAs
protein localization
cell signaling
metabolism

Published Papers (1 paper)

Review

25 pages, 1563 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Repertoire of RNA Modifications Orchestrates a Plethora of Cellular Responses

by Panagiotis G. Adamopoulos, Konstantina Athanasopoulou, Glykeria N. Daneva and Andreas Scorilas

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(3), 2387; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032387 - 25 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2791

Abstract

Although a plethora of DNA modifications have been extensively investigated in the last decade, recent breakthroughs in molecular biology, including high throughput sequencing techniques, have enabled the identification of post-transcriptional marks that decorate RNAs; hence, epitranscriptomics has arisen. This recent scientific field aims to decode the regulatory layer of the transcriptome and set the ground for the detection of modifications in ribose nucleotides. Until now, more than 170 RNA modifications have been reported in diverse types of RNA that contribute to various biological processes, such as RNA biogenesis, stability, and transcriptional and translational accuracy. However, dysfunctions in the RNA-modifying enzymes that regulate their dynamic level can lead to human diseases and cancer. The present review aims to highlight the epitranscriptomic landscape in human RNAs and match the catalytic proteins with the deposition or deletion of a specific mark. In the current review, the most abundant RNA modifications, such as N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A), N5-methylcytosine (m⁵C), pseudouridine (Ψ) and inosine (I), are thoroughly described, their functional and regulatory roles are discussed and their contributions to cellular homeostasis are stated. Ultimately, the involvement of the RNA modifications and their writers, erasers, and readers in human diseases and cancer is also discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue RNA Roles Related to Cellular Growth and Metabolism)

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