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Phage Engineering: Pioneering Advances in Biomedical and Environmental Fields

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2025) | Viewed by 1830

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Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
Interests: pathogenic bacteria; drug resistance; vaccine; molecular genetics and biology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Phage engineering is as a groundbreaking area of biotechnology which leverages the specialized abilities of bacteriophages, the viruses that target and multiply within bacteria. This field uses a blend of microbiology, molecular science, genetics, and bioinformatics to adapt and employ phages across a variety of applications, from healthcare treatments to safeguarding the environment. The foundation of phage engineering lies in the unique specificity of phages, which target particular bacterial strains, proving essential in an era in which combating antibiotic resistance and pursuing sustainable biotechnological approaches are critical. The essence of phage engineering involves modifying phage genomes to boost their innate properties or provide them with new capabilities. This may involve changing their host spectrum, enhancing their performance against bacterial biofilms, or modifying them to deliver therapeutic agents. The adaptability of phage engineering is supported by sophisticated techniques such as CRISPR-Cas systems for accurate genetic modifications, and synthetic biology for the development of completely new phage models. Phage engineering has particularly promising applications in healthcare, especially for treating bacterial infections that are resistant to standard antibiotics. Phage therapy, or the use of phages to combat bacterial infections, presents a focused, effective, and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional antibiotics. Engineered phages can also be tailored to bypass bacterial defense strategies, thereby improving success rates in eliminating harmful bacteria. Furthermore, phages can be modified to carry genes encoding for antibacterial enzymes or antibiotics, thus enhancing their antimicrobial efficacy. Beyond its medical applications, phage engineering also shows promise in addressing environmental issues. Engineered phages can identify and neutralize dangerous bacterial contaminations in water, providing cleaner drinking water and a reduction in the transmission of waterborne illnesses. In the agricultural sector, phage engineering provides a green solution for controlling bacterial plant diseases, minimizing the dependence on chemical pesticides and improving food security. Moreover, phage engineering extends into biotechnology and industry, utilizing engineered phages in biosensors to detect bacterial contamination in food and pharmaceutical products. Phages can also be engineered to produce enzymes or other beneficial substances for industrial uses, demonstrating their utility beyond their natural role as bacterial predators.

As phage engineering positions itself at the forefront of biotechnological innovation, we are seeking original research and review articles for this special topic. Contributions should explore the molecular sciences behind phage applications in the biomedical, industrial, and environmental arenas.

Dr. Apichai Tuanyok
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • phage
  • bacteriophages
  • genetic modifications
  • enzymess

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 526 KiB  
Article
Engineered Phage Enables Efficient Control of Gene Expression upon Infection of the Host Cell
by Ting Wei, Wangsheng Lai, Qian Chen and Chenjian Sun
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(1), 250; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010250 - 30 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1068
Abstract
Recently, we developed a spatial phage-assisted continuous evolution (SPACE) system. This system utilizes chemotaxis coupled with the growth of motile bacteria during their spatial range expansion in soft agar to provide fresh host cells for iterative phage infection and selection pressure for preserving [...] Read more.
Recently, we developed a spatial phage-assisted continuous evolution (SPACE) system. This system utilizes chemotaxis coupled with the growth of motile bacteria during their spatial range expansion in soft agar to provide fresh host cells for iterative phage infection and selection pressure for preserving evolved genes of interest carried by phage mutants. Controllable mutagenesis activated only in a subpopulation of the migrating cells is essential in this system to efficiently generate mutated progeny phages from which desired individuals are selected during the directed evolution process. But, the widely adopted small molecule-dependent inducible system could hardly fulfill this purpose because it always affects all cells homogeneously. In this study, we developed a phage infection-induced gene expression system using modified Escherichia coli (E. coli) phage shock protein operon or sigma factors from Bacillus subtilis. Results showed that this system enabled efficient control of gene expression upon phage infection with dynamic output ranges from small to large using combinations of different engineered phages and corresponding promoters. This system was incorporated into SPACE to function as a phage infection-induced mutagenesis module and successfully facilitated the evolution of T7 RNA polymerase, which generated diverse mutants with altered promoter recognition specificity. We expect that phage infection-induced gene expression system could be further extended to more applications involving partial induction in a portion of a population and targeted induction in specific strains among a mixed bacterial community, which provides an important complement to small molecule-dependent inducible systems. Full article
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