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The Role of RNAs in Cancers: Recent Advances

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2025 | Viewed by 4135

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
Interests: cancer; inflammation; genetic and epigenetic alteration in cancers; ncRNAs in diagnostics; intracellular signalling pathways

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

RNAs play a fundamental and indispensable role in normal cellular physiology and represent an important evolutionary tool for a wide range of adaptive strategies at the genetic and epigenetic levels, with a huge impact on the pathogenesis of diseases, including carcinogenesis. The recent application of next-generation sequencing has allowed for a more precise insight into cancer transcriptomes and proteomes, revealing classical and novel forms of alterations in protein-coding RNAs (such as mRNAs and tRNAs residues) and thousands of aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) associated with various diseases, including cancer. Since the seminal study of Calin and Croce that linked miRNAs to leukaemia, numerous ncRNA subtypes have been identified, such as miRNAs, circRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, ncRNAs, snoRNAs, and lncRNAs, and they have been implicated in virtually all aspects of genetic and epigenetic genome regulation. They are also suggested to be involved in various stages of carcinogenesis by acting as either tumour promoters or tumour suppressors in post-transcriptional gene regulation, cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, cell stemness and drug response.

This Special Issue of IJMS was conceived by the journal’s Editorial Board as a broad overview designed to provide a year-long review of the roles of coding and non-coding RNAs in tumour pathogenesis with emphasis on practical aspects of RNAs as markers in cancer diagnostics and their emerging role in cancer therapy. In particular, but not exclusively, the expected reviews should shed light on the current state of scientific knowledge in the following areas:

  • Alterations in mRNAs transcription and processing in tumours—the roles of tRNAs, rRNAs, etc.
  • Cross-talk between coding and non-coding RNAs in cancers;
  • From cancer-related transcriptomes to proteomes and their correlations;
  • Established roles of ncRNAs in cancer pathogenesis;
  • Oncogenic and tumour-suppressing potential of lncRNAs;
  • MicroRNAs as tumour promotors and suppressors in various cancers;
  • Modifying role of circRNAs, piRNAs, snRNAs, snoRNAs, and siRNAs in human cancers;
  • RNAs in diagnostics and cancer therapy.

Prof. Dr. Roman Beňačka
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • cancer cells
  • carcinogenesis
  • mRNAs
  • ncRNAs
  • lncRNAs
  • miRNAs
  • circRNAs
  • piRNAs
  • RNA-based diagnostics
  • RNA-based therapy

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

21 pages, 3900 KiB  
Review
Role of Hypoxia-Associated Long Noncoding RNAs in Cancer Chemo-Therapy Resistance
by Muhammad Affan Elahi, Aamira Tariq, Ambrin Malik and Mahmoud Zhra
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(3), 936; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26030936 - 23 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 988
Abstract
Hypoxia is a well-known characteristic of the tumor microenvironment which significantly influences cancer development and is closely linked to unfavorable outcomes. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are part of the noncoding genome, have garnered increasing attention because of their varied functions in tumor [...] Read more.
Hypoxia is a well-known characteristic of the tumor microenvironment which significantly influences cancer development and is closely linked to unfavorable outcomes. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are part of the noncoding genome, have garnered increasing attention because of their varied functions in tumor metastasis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as noncoding RNAs which are longer than 200 nucleotides, and they regulate diverse cellular processes by modulating gene expression at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic levels. Hypoxia is a well-established environmental factor which enhances the metastasis of solid tumors. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) represents one of the key mechanisms triggered by hypoxia which contributes to metastasis. Numerous lncRNAs have been identified as being upregulated by hypoxia. These lncRNAs significantly contribute toward cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Recent studies have identified a crucial role for these hypoxia-induced lncRNAs in chemotherapy resistance. These hypoxia-related lncRNAs can be plausible therapeutic targets for devising effective cancer therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of RNAs in Cancers: Recent Advances)
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47 pages, 13373 KiB  
Review
Non-Coding RNAs in Breast Cancer: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications
by Roman Beňačka, Daniela Szabóová, Zuzana Guľašová and Zdenka Hertelyová
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(1), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010127 - 26 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1653
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer globally, and has recently become the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. BC is a heterogeneous disease comprising various histopathological and molecular subtypes with differing levels of malignancy, and each [...] Read more.
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer globally, and has recently become the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. BC is a heterogeneous disease comprising various histopathological and molecular subtypes with differing levels of malignancy, and each patient has an individual prognosis. Etiology and pathogenesis are complex and involve a considerable number of genetic alterations and dozens of alterations in non-coding RNA expression. Non-coding RNAs are part of an abundant family of single-stranded RNA molecules acting as key regulators in DNA replication, mRNA processing and translation, cell differentiation, growth, and overall genomic stability. In the context of breast cancer, non-coding RNAs are involved in cell cycle control and tumor cell migration and invasion, as well as treatment resistance. Alterations in non-coding RNA expression may contribute to the development and progression of breast cancer, making them promising biomarkers and targets for novel therapeutic approaches. Currently, the use of non-coding RNAs has not yet been applied to routine practice; however, their potential has been very well studied. The present review is a literature overview of current knowledge and its objective is to delineate the function of diverse classes of non-coding RNAs in breast cancer, with a particular emphasis on their potential utility as diagnostic and prognostic markers or as therapeutic targets and tools. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of RNAs in Cancers: Recent Advances)
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28 pages, 991 KiB  
Review
A Critical Review on microRNAs as Prognostic Biomarkers in Laryngeal Carcinoma
by Kristina S. Komitova, Lyuben D. Dimitrov, Gergana S. Stancheva, Silva G. Kyurkchiyan, Veronika Petkova, Stoyan I. Dimitrov, Silviya P. Skelina, Radka P. Kaneva and Todor M. Popov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(24), 13468; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413468 - 16 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1035
Abstract
During the past decade, a vast number of studies were dedicated to unravelling the obscurities of non-coding RNAs in all fields of the medical sciences. A great amount of data has been accumulated, and consequently a natural need for organization and classification in [...] Read more.
During the past decade, a vast number of studies were dedicated to unravelling the obscurities of non-coding RNAs in all fields of the medical sciences. A great amount of data has been accumulated, and consequently a natural need for organization and classification in all subfields arises. The aim of this review is to summarize all reports on microRNAs that were delineated as prognostic biomarkers in laryngeal carcinoma. Additionally, we attempt to allocate and organize these molecules according to their association with key pathways and oncogenes affected in laryngeal carcinoma. Finally, we critically analyze the common shortcomings and biases of the methodologies in some of the published papers in this area of research. A literature search was performed using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases with the keywords “laryngeal carcinoma” OR “laryngeal cancer” AND “microRNA” OR “miRNA” AND “prognostic marker” OR “prognosis”. Only research articles written in English were included, without any specific restrictions on study type. We have found 43 articles that report 39 microRNAs with prognostic value associated with laryngeal carcinoma, and all of them are summarized along with the major characteristics and methodology of the respective studies. A second layer of the review is structural analysis of the outlined microRNAs and their association with oncogenes and pathways connected with the cell cycle (p53, CCND1, CDKN2A/p16, E2F1), RTK/RAS/PI3K cascades (EGFR, PI3K, PTEN), cell differentiation (NOTCH, p63, FAT1), and cell death (FADD, TRAF3). Finally, we critically review common shortcomings in the methodology of the papers and their possible effect on their results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of RNAs in Cancers: Recent Advances)
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