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Sport and Exercise Psychology: Mental Health in Athletes and Exercisers

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Health, Central Queensland University, Cairns, QLD 4701, Australia
Interests: psychological sciences; sports; exercise; health psychology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The link between exercise, sports and mental health has long been established. There is plenty of evidence suggesting the critical role of regular exercise and active living to enhance mental health, cognitive and emotional wellbeing, yet the reverse relationship remains largely underexplored—i.e., how mental health influences exercise behaviour, adherence and performance. Understanding this bidirectionality is crucial for both clinical and sporting contexts. A similar but complex phenomenon is the ongoing debate regarding athletes’ mental health. Some colleagues argue that athletes operate under a unique psychological condition shaped by pressure for performance, leading to higher resistance to distress, while other researchers argue that the same pressures actually contribute to heightened mental health vulnerabilities. This conundrum highlights the need for nuanced, evidence-based research. Thus, in this Special Issue, we welcome empirical and theoretical contributions examining the relationship between sports, exercise and mental health; the psychological demands of sports participation; and the mental health profiles of athletes across all levels. Papers integrating physiological, psychological and social dimensions under the biopsychosocial paradigm are particularly encouraged.

Dr. Alberto Filgueiras
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • mental health
  • sports
  • athletes
  • exercise
  • physiology
  • psychology
  • physical activity
  • wellbeing

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 530 KB  
Article
Being Able to Engage in Sports on One’s Own Terms: Positive Development in Sport for Older Adults
by Bartira Pereira Palma, Carine Collet, Evandro Morais Peixoto, Riller Silva Reverdito and Larissa Rafaela Galatti
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2026, 23(5), 548; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph23050548 - 23 Apr 2026
Viewed by 524
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate older adults’ engagement in sport through the lens of the Positive Development in Sport (PDS), a framework aimed at fostering human growth in sport environments. This qualitative study involved 80 older athletes (M = 71.91 [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to investigate older adults’ engagement in sport through the lens of the Positive Development in Sport (PDS), a framework aimed at fostering human growth in sport environments. This qualitative study involved 80 older athletes (M = 71.91 years, SD = 7.91; 45 women) engaged in regular sport practice and four experienced coaches (37–57-years-old). Data was collected across multiple contexts: brief in-person individual or small-group interviews during a competitive event; five in-person focus groups; and individual interviews. Data was analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Findings revealed a central theme, autonomy to engage in sport, supported by three subthemes: competence and confidence, health, and setting priorities. Participants described sport as a meaningful component of their identity, with sustained engagement driven by intrinsic motivation and harmonious passion. They reported increased self-awareness, intentional health management, and the ability to balance sport participation with other life domains, highlighting positive implications for mental health. Coaches who actively supported athletes’ psychological needs played a key role in fostering autonomy and personal development. Participants also emphasized the importance of inclusive relationships and pedagogical strategies tailored to older athletes’ goals and lived experiences. The findings suggest that sport in older adulthood can be a context for personal growth and mental health development. Full article
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17 pages, 1339 KB  
Article
Prevalence and Levels of Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression and Suicidal Ideation Amongst Elite Male Soccer Players: An Age- and Education-Matched Controlled Study
by Gisele Maria Rosa Sobrinho, Heloísa Gonçalves Ferreira, David R. McDuff and Alberto Filgueiras
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2026, 23(3), 362; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph23030362 - 12 Mar 2026
Viewed by 681
Abstract
Mental health among elite athletes has received increasing attention, yet evidence from studies including matched control groups remains limited. This study investigated the prevalence and levels of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation among elite male soccer players compared with age- and education-matched controls [...] Read more.
Mental health among elite athletes has received increasing attention, yet evidence from studies including matched control groups remains limited. This study investigated the prevalence and levels of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation among elite male soccer players compared with age- and education-matched controls from the general population. A total of 324 participants were included, comprising 214 elite male soccer players and 110 controls. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI-II) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Suicidal ideation was assessed using item 9 of the BDI-II. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, and non-parametric inferential statistics. In addition, a neural network classification analysis was conducted to examine whether combined anxiety and depressive symptoms could differentiate elite athletes from controls. No significant differences were found in the prevalence of depression (40.19% in athletes vs. 37.27% in controls) or anxiety (87.38% in athletes vs. 90.00% in controls). Levels of depressive symptoms were similar between groups, whereas anxiety levels were higher among controls. Suicidal ideation was significantly less prevalent in controls (22.73%) compared with elite soccer players (46.73%). Neural network classification achieved above-chance accuracy (68.8%) in differentiating athletes based on combined anxiety and depressive symptoms, but low sensitivity reinforces prior results that athletes and matched controls have similar levels of mental health outcomes. Elite soccer players and controls show similar prevalence of depression and anxiety, although anxiety severity appears lower among athletes. The joint configuration of anxiety and depressive symptoms modestly differentiates group affiliation, while suicidal ideation remains more prevalent among elite players. These findings highlight the complex and distinctive mental health profile of elite athletes and suggest the need for continued psychological support and monitoring in high-performance sport contexts. Full article
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