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Maternal and Fetal Exposure to Air Pollution

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2027 | Viewed by 1318

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Center for Community Health Impact, UTHealth Houston School of Public Health, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
Interests: environmental health; air pollution; maternal and child health; epigenetics; public health interventions
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Air pollution is an increasingly pressing global concern, with its effects extending beyond respiratory and cardiovascular diseases to impact some of the most vulnerable populations—pregnant individuals and developing fetuses. The rise in industrial activities, vehicular emissions, and urban expansion has contributed to worsening air quality, leading to greater human exposure to harmful pollutants such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). These pollutants can penetrate deep into the respiratory system, cross the placental barrier, and disrupt crucial biological processes during fetal development.

Emerging research has linked maternal exposure to air pollution with an increased risk of complications, such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth. In addition to these immediate risks, there is growing concern about the long-term effects of prenatal exposure, including altered immune system development, metabolic programming changes, and epigenetic modifications that may predispose individuals to chronic diseases later in life. As air pollution levels continue to rise in many regions, particularly in urban and industrialized areas, addressing their impact on maternal and fetal health has become a critical public health priority. Understanding these connections is essential for informing policies, interventions, and strategies to protect future generations from the adverse effects of environmental pollution.

This Special Issue seeks to advance our understanding of how maternal exposure to air pollution influences fetal health, pregnancy complications, and long-term disease risk. We invite original research articles, systematic reviews, and case studies addressing topics such as the following:

  • The biological mechanisms underlying air-pollution-related pregnancy complications.
  • The impact of air pollutants on placental function, fetal immune development, and metabolic health.
  • Epidemiological studies linking maternal air pollution exposure to adverse birth outcomes.
  • Interventions and policies to mitigate air pollution exposure during pregnancy.
  • Novel methodologies for assessing utero exposure to environmental pollutants.
  • The role of climate change in shaping air-pollution-related maternal and child health risks.

We welcome interdisciplinary contributions from environmental health scientists, epidemiologists, public health experts, clinicians, and policymakers. Papers that combine scientific research with practical public health applications are especially encouraged.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Air.

Dr. Juan Aguilera
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • air pollution and pregnancy
  • maternal and fetal health
  • epigenetics and environmental exposures
  • immune dysregulation in pregnancy
  • climate change and perinatal health
  • particulate matter and birth outcomes
  • endocrine disruption and pregnancy
  • public health interventions for air pollution

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 305 KB  
Article
Early Gestational Wildfire-Related PM2.5 Exposure Is Associated with Lung Function in Offspring of Mothers with Asthma
by Gabriela Martins Costa Gomes, Adam M. Collison, Vanessa E. Murphy, Bronwyn K. Brew, Paul D. Robinson, Geoffrey G. Morgan, Karthik Gopi, Peter G. Gibson, Wilfried Karmaus and Joerg Mattes
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2026, 23(3), 314; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph23030314 - 3 Mar 2026
Viewed by 824
Abstract
Background: Prenatal exposure to air pollutants may increase the risk of adverse respiratory outcomes, particularly in offspring of asthmatic mothers. Evidence on wildfire-related PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy remains limited. This study investigated associations between early gestational wildfire-related PM2.5 exposure, infant lung [...] Read more.
Background: Prenatal exposure to air pollutants may increase the risk of adverse respiratory outcomes, particularly in offspring of asthmatic mothers. Evidence on wildfire-related PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy remains limited. This study investigated associations between early gestational wildfire-related PM2.5 exposure, infant lung function, and respiratory outcomes at 6 years. Methods: Gestational wildfire-related PM2.5 exposure patterns were characterised using group-based trajectory modelling and linked to infant lung function outcomes. Infant respiratory measurements were obtained at six weeks of age during behaviourally defined quiet sleep using tidal-breathing flow–volume loops (TBFVL). Airway mechanics at six years were assessed by impulse oscillometry (IOS) following international guideline standards. Trajectory modelling of PM2.5 during gestation was conducted in SAS (PROC TRAJ); all additional statistical analyses were performed in Stata IC 16.1. Results: Increased mean tidal inspiratory flow (MTIF, beta coefficient [β]: 10.51 mL/s, 95% CI: 3.66 to 17.36, p = 0.003) and peak tidal inspiratory flow (PTIF, β: 12.49 mL/s, 95% CI: 2.48 to 22.51, p = 0.014) were observed in infants born to mothers with higher wildfire-related PM2.5 exposure during early gestation (n = 420; n = 411 not exposed, n = 9 exposed). β-coefficients from infant mixed models were then used as proxy indicators and applied in linear regression models and associated with higher reactance at 5 Hz frequency (n = 73) at 6 years of age (PTIF: β: 9.88 mL/s, 95% CI: 0.10 to 19.67, p = 0.048 and MTIF: β: 13.43 mL/s, 95% CI: 1.43 to 25.44, p = 0.029). PTIF was further associated with asthma diagnoses at 6 years (aOR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.73, p = 0.012; n = 259; n = 116 asthma). Conclusion: Early gestational exposure to wildfire-related PM2.5 may be linked with altered respiratory patterns in infancy and differences in airway reactance during childhood. Findings also suggest a relationship with asthma risk, although mechanisms remain uncertain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Maternal and Fetal Exposure to Air Pollution)
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