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2nd Edition of Exercise Training and Patients' Rehabilitation
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2nd Edition of Exercise Training and Patients' Rehabilitation

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Exercise and Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 March 2023) | Viewed by 14385

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Stig Molsted

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Research Department, Nordsjællands Hospital, 3400 Hillerød, Denmark
2. Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
Interests: exercise training; physical activity; diabetes; chronic kidney disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is the 2nd Edition of the Special Issue "Exercise Training and Patients' Rehabilitation".

Physical activity is recognized as crucial in the prevention of chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, heart diseases, and some cancers. In addition, it is also relevant as a rehabilitation strategy for the treatment of certain diseases, including acute conditions such as hip fracture. Decades of research have proven the positive effects of exercise training on physiological parameters in patients affected by various pathologies. Exercise training also has positive effects on physical function/performance, quality of life, pain, and mental health—parameters that are often impaired in patients with chronic diseases. In this context, exercise training can benefit patients indirectly through its positive effects on comorbidities and some patient outcomes, rather than on the primary disease, as is observed for patients with type 1 diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arthritis, and chronic kidney disease.

While aerobic training has great potential to positively impact several disease parameters, strength training can have positive effects on some disease outcomes. Some individuals may find it easier to perform resistance training compared to aerobic training, as the former does not increase the heart rate and can be carried out while seated. Though there is good evidence of the benefits of aerobic and resistance training in the treatment of many diseases, further investigation is necessary. In particular, it is important to understand (1) how to create attractive exercise training interventions to involve as many patients as possible and (2) how to improve adherence to exercise training interventions to induce long-term changes in patients’ lifestyle. This Special Issue welcomes papers that present new research on physiological and/or patient-reported outcomes related to rehabilitation, especially studies that are based on clinically relevant interventions.

Dr. Stig Molsted
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • exercise training
  • rehabilitation
  • aerobic training
  • strength training
  • chronic disease
  • acute disease
  • clinical trial
  • systematic review

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 1361 KiB  
Article
Online Physical Exercise and Group Sessions to Increase and Maintain Physical Activity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Single-Arm Feasibility Study
by Sofie Rath Mortensen, Mathilde Espe Pedersen, Søren T. Skou and Mathias Ried-Larsen
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 2893; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042893 - 7 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1834
Abstract
Current physical activity interventions for individuals with Type 2 diabetes do not accommodate the needs of the individual in terms of content, time, and location. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of an 8-week high intensity online [...] Read more.
Current physical activity interventions for individuals with Type 2 diabetes do not accommodate the needs of the individual in terms of content, time, and location. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of an 8-week high intensity online physical exercise intervention combined with online group meetings and supported by an activity watch in individuals with Type 2 diabetes. This study was designed as a one-armed feasibility study and the intervention was developed using a co-creation approach. A total of 19 individuals with Type 2 diabetes participated in eight weeks of 30 min online physical exercise intervention followed by 30 min online group meetings in smaller groups once a week. Outcomes included pre-defined research progression criteria, secondary measurements of health parameters, and participant feedback. Most research progression criteria reached a level of acceptance, with the exception of participant recruitment, burden of objectively measured physical activity, and adverse events, where changes are needed before continuing to an RCT. Combining online physical exercise with online group meetings supported by an activity watch is feasible and acceptable in individuals with Type 2 diabetes with a higher educational level compared to the general population with Type 2 diabetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition of Exercise Training and Patients' Rehabilitation)
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12 pages, 365 KiB  
Article
Sleep Quality and Self-Reported Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression Are Associated with Physical Activity in Patients with Severe COPD
by Christopher D. Neale, Pernille E. Christensen, Christian Dall, Charlotte Suppli Ulrik, Nina Godtfredsen and Henrik Hansen
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(24), 16804; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416804 - 14 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1677
Abstract
Sleep quantity, quality and symptoms of depression or anxiety potentially affect the level of daily physical activity (PAL) and plausibly counteracts benefits from pulmonary rehabilitation programs. Their collective impact on PAL is sparsely investigated, particularly in patients with severely progressed chronic obstructive pulmonary [...] Read more.
Sleep quantity, quality and symptoms of depression or anxiety potentially affect the level of daily physical activity (PAL) and plausibly counteracts benefits from pulmonary rehabilitation programs. Their collective impact on PAL is sparsely investigated, particularly in patients with severely progressed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Aim: To investigate if sleep quantity, quality and symptoms from self-reported hospital anxiety and depression scores (HADS) are associated with PAL. Methods: In this exploratory cross-sectional study data were analysed from 148 participants with COPD; GOLD grade II-IV; GOLD group B to D (52% female, mean 69.7 ± SD of 8.4 years, FEV1% predicted 33.6 ± 10.9, 6MWD 327 ± 122 m, CAT 20 ± 7 points), eligible for conventional outpatient hospital-based pulmonary rehabilitation. Participants had sleep and PAL measured 24 h per day for five consecutive days with an activPAL monitor. Adjusted negative binomial regression was applied to investigate the associations with PAL. Results: Participants walked median (25th, 75th percentile) of 2358 (1325.75; 3822.25) steps per day and 14% walked >5000 steps per day on average. Time in bed (TIB) were a median (25th, 75th percentile) of 8.3 (7.1; 9.7) hours and numbers of nocturnal sleeping bouts (NSB) were 1.5 (0.8; 3), Anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D) scores were median (25th, 75th percentile) of 5 (3; 8) points and 3 (2; 6) points, respectively, whereof 29% (HADS-A) and 15% (HADS-D) reported scores ≥8 points indicating significant symptoms. The fully adjusted rate ratio (RR) for steps per day for TIB (hours) [RR 0.97 (95% CI: 0.92; 1.02)], NSB (numbers) [RR 1.02 (95% CI: 0.97; 1.07)] were not significantly associated with number of steps per day, while there was a significantly association with number of steps per day for HADS-A [RR 1.04 (95% CI: 1.01; 1.07)] and HADS-D [RR 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91; 0.99)]. Conclusion: This exploratory cross-sectional study found a statistically significant association between HADS-A and HADS-D with numbers of steps per day in patients with severe COPD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition of Exercise Training and Patients' Rehabilitation)
12 pages, 330 KiB  
Article
Transforming Motivation for Exercise in a Safe and Kind Environment—A Qualitative Study of Experiences among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes
by Susanne Grøn Nielsen, Julie Hagstrøm Danielsen, Helle Nergaard Grønbæk, Stig Molsted, Sandra Schade Jacobsen, Tina Vilsbøll and Annemarie Reinhardt Varming
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(10), 6091; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106091 - 17 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1958
Abstract
Exercise is a cornerstone in diabetes care; however, adherence is low and sustaining physical activity remains a challenge. Patient-centered diabetes self-management education and support are recommended; however, sparse literature exists on how to design exercise interventions that improve self-management in individuals with complications [...] Read more.
Exercise is a cornerstone in diabetes care; however, adherence is low and sustaining physical activity remains a challenge. Patient-centered diabetes self-management education and support are recommended; however, sparse literature exists on how to design exercise interventions that improve self-management in individuals with complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). We aimed to gain insights into needs, barriers, and motivation based on experiences with exercise participation among individuals with T2D and complications to adjust and develop new types of tailored, supervised exercise classes in specialized care at three hospitals in Denmark. In keeping with a constructivist research paradigm, a qualitative hermeneutic approach using focus group interviews was applied to explore perspectives among different participants in terms of disease severity. Seven interviews with 30 participants (aged 49–88) representing seven different exercise classes, were conducted over three years. Reflective thematic analysis was used. Four themes were generated: People like us, Getting started with exercise, Game changers, and Moving forward. An overarching theme ‘The transformation of motivation when exercising in a safe and kind environment’ links the themes together, resembling the participants’ development of physical literacy encompassing motivation, confidence, physical competence as well as an ability to value physical activity. Supportive patient-centered exercise classes promoted a transformation of motivation grounded in the development of physical literacy among participants in specialized diabetes care. However, participants were concerned with continuing to exercise on their own after the intervention, as they experienced a lack of continuous, supervised exercise opportunities in local communities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition of Exercise Training and Patients' Rehabilitation)

Review

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10 pages, 4286 KiB  
Review
Effects of the Short-Foot Exercise on Foot Alignment and Muscle Hypertrophy in Flatfoot Individuals: A Meta-Analysis
by Ching Huang, Liang-Yu Chen, Yi-Hung Liao, Kunanya Masodsai and Yi-Yuan Lin
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 11994; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911994 - 22 Sep 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4579
Abstract
This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine the effects of the short-foot exercise (SFE) compared to foot orthosis or other types of interventions. Eligibility criteria involved participants with flatfoot engaging in the SFE compared to other forms [...] Read more.
This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine the effects of the short-foot exercise (SFE) compared to foot orthosis or other types of interventions. Eligibility criteria involved participants with flatfoot engaging in the SFE compared to other forms of intervention or control groups without specific intervention. Relevant studies published before the end of June 2022 were identified from databases. A meta-analysis was performed by calculating the mean differences (MD) and standard MD (SMD) using the random effects model. Six trials with 201 patients (out of 609 records) that met selection criteria were reviewed. Five of the six trials implemented distinct interventions in the control group such as shoe insoles and muscle strengthening exercises, while in the remaining trial, controls received no intervention. The SFE group significantly reduced the navicular drop test (NDT) values (MD: −0.23; 95% confidence interval: −0.45 to −0.02; p = 0.04) and the foot posture index (FPI-6) score (MD: −0.67; 95% confidence interval: −0.98 to −0.36; p < 0.0001) when compared to the control group. The muscle hypertrophy did not differ significantly between the groups. The SFE may contribute more benefits than other intervention as it affects flatfoot individuals’ foot alignment. Hence, the SFE is recommended as a beneficial dynamic support when facing flatfoot problems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition of Exercise Training and Patients' Rehabilitation)
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Other

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12 pages, 2156 KiB  
Systematic Review
Effects of Exercise on Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Jiale Peng, Yuling Yuan, Yuanhui Zhao and Hong Ren
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(17), 10845; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710845 - 31 Aug 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3817
Abstract
With exercise being more frequently utilized in treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a systematic review of the intervention efficacy of exercise on OSA is necessary. PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, VIP, and CNKI databases were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) [...] Read more.
With exercise being more frequently utilized in treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a systematic review of the intervention efficacy of exercise on OSA is necessary. PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, VIP, and CNKI databases were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise applied to OSA from January 2000 to January 2022. The literature screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment of included studies were conducted independently by two reviewers. Meta-analysis was then performed using Rev Man 5.4 software. A total of 9 RCTs were included, including 444 patients. Compared with the control group, exercise made an improvement in apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) [MD = −6.65, 95% CI (−7.77, −5.53), p < 0.00001], minimum oxygen saturation (SaO2min%) [MD = 1.67, 95% CI (0.82, 2.52), p = 0.0001], peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) [SMD = 0.54, 95% CI (0.31, 0.78), p < 0.00001], Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) [MD = −2.08, 95% CI (−3.95, −0.21), p = 0.03], and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) values [MD = −1.64, 95% CI, (−3.07, −0.22), p = 0.02]. However, there were no significant changes in body mass index (BMI). As for the results of subgroup analysis, aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise [MD = −7.36, 95% CI (−8.64, −6.08), p < 0.00001] had a better effect on AHI reduction than aerobic exercise alone [MD = −4.36, 95% CI (−6.67, −2.06), p = 0.0002]. This systematic review demonstrates that exercise reduces the severity of OSA with no changes in BMI, and the effect of aerobic exercise combined with resistance training is better than aerobic exercise alone in AHI reduction. Exercise also improves cardiopulmonary fitness, sleep quality, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition of Exercise Training and Patients' Rehabilitation)
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