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Marine Geohazards: New Insights and Perspectives

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A special issue of Geosciences (ISSN 2076-3263). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural Hazards".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2018) | Viewed by 24972

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Maria Rosaria Senatore

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Guest Editor

Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
Interests: marine geology; marine geohadards; seismic and physic stratigrahy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last few decades, due to the increase in awareness of dangers, marine geohazards have been attracting more and more attention from marine researchers worldwide. Many projects have been developed and the acquired data have allowed to know the phenomena that can cause risks or potential risks to human, health and public and private building heritage. Major marine geohazards are erosion, earthquakes, submarine landslides, subsidence, tsunami, natural gas hydrate dissociations, seabed sand waves, shallow gas, gas chimneys, mud volcanoes, and mud diapirism. Sea level change, and its combination with subsidence or rising, also represent a potential risk. Sea-level rise is expected as a result of global warming, therefore the potential hazards for coastal areas have to be foreseen. What stage has the knowledge? What stage have the perspectives? This Special Issue on marine geohazards offers all researchers dealing with these topics an opportunity to make their research known; therefore, I encourage you to present your work, choosing a topic that best suits your current research efforts.

Assoc. Prof. Maria Rosaria Senatore
Guest Editor

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Keywords

Marine geohazards
Earthquakes
Submarine landslide
Tsunami
Natural gas hydrate
Mud volcanoes and diapirism
Sea level change

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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7 pages, 1191 KiB

Open AccessArticle

3D Numerical Simulation of Hydro-Acoustic Waves Registered during the 2012 Negros-Cebu Earthquake

by Claudia Cecioni, Alessandro Romano, Giorgio Bellotti and Paolo De Girolamo

Geosciences 2019, 9(7), 300; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9070300 - 9 Jul 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2519

Abstract

The paper investigates on the hydro-acoustic waves propagation caused by the underwater earthquake, occurred on 6 February 2012, between the Negros and Cebu islands, in the Philippines. Hydro-acoustic waves are pressure waves that propagate at the sound celerity in water. These waves can be triggered by the sudden vertical sea-bed movement, due to underwater earthquakes. The results of three dimensional numerical simulations, which solve the wave equation in a weakly compressible sea water domain are presented. The hydro-acoustic signal is compared to an underwater acoustic signal recorded during the event by a scuba diver, who was about 12 km far from the earthquake epicenter. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Geohazards: New Insights and Perspectives)

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17 pages, 6005 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of the Coastal Vulnerability Index in an Area of Complex Geological Conditions on the Krk Island, Northeast Adriatic Sea

by Igor Ružić, Sanja Dugonjić Jovančević, Čedomir Benac and Nino Krvavica

Geosciences 2019, 9(5), 219; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9050219 - 14 May 2019

Cited by 38 | Viewed by 4914

Abstract

This study presents a vulnerability assessment methodology that was developed to analyze the Croatian Eastern Adriatic Coast (CEAC), which has extremely complex geomorphology. Local coastal retreat, slope instability phenomena, and the influence of marine erosion play a significant role in coastal geohazards in the southeastern coastal area of the Krk Island (Kvarner area, northeastern channel part of the Adriatic Sea). Recent studies emphasize the need to develop an adequate methodology to monitor its evolution and define adequate risk management strategies. The vulnerability analysis was performed on the basis of the available data, taking into account local geological and oceanographic conditions. The coastal vulnerability analysis of the CEAC presents an adaptation of the existing methodology, emphasizing the significance of the geological factor, and providing novel elements of the parameter analysis (i.e., coastal slope, beach width, and significant wave height). This methodology was adapted and improved for the local rocky coast, but can be used on other complex rocky coasts worldwide. The calculated Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) around the Stara Baška settlement should be considered to have priority over the vulnerable areas in further monitoring and investigations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Geohazards: New Insights and Perspectives)

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11 pages, 3708 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tropical Cyclone-Induced Hazards Caused by Storm Surges and Large Waves on the Coast of China

by Zai-Jin You

Geosciences 2019, 9(3), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9030131 - 18 Mar 2019

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4422

Abstract

The mainland coast of China is about 18,000 km long and houses about 70% of China’s largest cities and 50% of its population. For the last few decades, the rapid growth of the Chinese economy has resulted in extensive development of the coastal infrastructure and property, large-scale expansion of coastal ports, excessive reclamation of coastal land, and a significant increase in the coastal population. Previous studies have indicated that tropical cyclones (TCs) have struck the coast of China at a higher frequency and intensity, and TC-induced coastal hazards have resulted in heavy human losses and huge losses to the Chinese coastal economy. In analyzing the long-term and most recent coastal hazard data collected on the coast of China, this study has found that TC-induced storm surges are responsible for 88% of the direct coastal economic losses, while TC-induced large coastal waves have caused heavy loss of human lives, and that the hazard-caused losses are shown to increase spatially from the north to south, peak in the southern coastal sector, and well correlate to storm wave energy flux. The frequency and intensity of coastal hazards on the coast of China are expected to increase in response to future changing TC conditions and rising sea levels. A simple two-parameter conceptual model is also presented for the assessment of coastal inundation and erosion hazards on the coast of China. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Geohazards: New Insights and Perspectives)

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16 pages, 11275 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of a Real-Time Tsunami Forecast System to the Disaster Response of Local Governments during a Major Tsunami Disaster

by Tomohiro Kubo, Wataru Suzuki, Masahiro Ooi, Narumi Takahashi, Kazumi Asao and Kaoru Yoshioka

Geosciences 2019, 9(2), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9020102 - 24 Feb 2019

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3547

Abstract

We applied a real-time tsunami inundation forecast system to a disaster response plan. We developed a standard operating procedure (SOP) for a tsunami disaster response based on a Plan, Do, Check, Action cycle to effectively use tsunami observation and prediction information provided by a real-time tsunami inundation forecast system during an initial response to a tsunami disaster. In the Plan stage, we ran a workshop on the tsunami disaster response to confirm the current tsunami disaster response plan and develop a timeline plan for a tsunami disaster. In the Do stage, we conducted a tabletop exercise (TTX) for a tsunami disaster using a real-time tsunami prediction system. In the Check stage, we ran a workshop on an after-action review of the TTX. In the Action stage, we applied the SOPs of the real-time tsunami prediction system to the tsunami disaster management plan and conducted a second TTX. As a result, we verified the information provided by a real-time tsunami prediction system to apply the system to a tsunami disaster management plan for real municipalities. It was confirmed that the SOP that we developed allows a real-time tsunami inundation forecast system to enable government staff to safely and effectively respond during a disaster. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Geohazards: New Insights and Perspectives)

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Review

Jump to: Research

37 pages, 8750 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Marine Geohazards: A Bibliometric-Based Review

by João M. R. Camargo, Marcos V. B. Silva, Antônio V. Ferreira Júnior and Tereza C. M. Araújo

Geosciences 2019, 9(2), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9020100 - 21 Feb 2019

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 8768

Abstract

Marine geohazard research has developed during recent decades, as human activities intensified towards deeper waters. Some recent disastrous events (e.g., the 2004 Indian Ocean and 2011 Japan tsunamis) highlighted geohazards socioeconomic impacts. Marine geohazards encompass an extensive list of features, processes, and events related to Marine Geology. In the scientific literature there are few systematic reviews concerning all of them. Using the search string ‘geohazard*’, this bibliometric-based review explored the scientific databases Web of Science and Scopus to analyze the evolution of peer-reviewed scientific publications and discuss trends and future challenges. The results revealed qualitative and quantitative aspects of 183 publications and indicated 12 categories of hazards, the categories more studied and the scientific advances. Interdisciplinary surveys focusing on the mapping and dating of past events, and the determination of triggers, frequencies, and current perspectives of occurrence (risk) are still scarce. Throughout the upcoming decade, the expansion and improvement of seafloor observatories’ networks, early warning systems, and mitigation plans are the main challenges. Hazardous marine geological events may occur at any time and the scientific community, marine industry, and governmental agencies must cooperate to better understand and monitor the processes involved in order to mitigate the resulting unpredictable damages. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Geohazards: New Insights and Perspectives)

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