Food Gels: Fabrication, Characterization, and Application (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Gels (ISSN 2310-2861). This special issue belongs to the section "Gel Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2026 | Viewed by 1193

Special Issue Editors

State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
Interests: bioactive components; protein gels; polysaccharides; synergism; biopolymer-based delivery system; in vitro digestion; functional additives and foods
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Guest Editor
Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
Interests: food proteins; natural polysaccharides; protein-polysaccharide hybrid gels; food-grade gels; structure-function relationships; functional properties.

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Food gels, typically composed of proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids, are a type of viscoelastic system that is capable of entrapping water (hydrogels), oil (oleogels), and air (aerogels) in their three-dimensional networks. Food gels are essential in modern food formulation design and production due to their versatile functional properties, including modifying food structures to achieve a desired appearance, sensory, and texture; incorporating bioactive compounds with high physicochemical stability and bioavailability in food products; creating personal foods with specific shapes through 3D printing techniques; replacing fat to reduce intake of saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, and calories; and maintaining metastable food structures and extending shelf-life. The appropriate design of food gels not only improves the quality and personalization of food but also nutrition and health benefits.

However, owing to the increased complexity of food gels formulated with biopolymers compared to synthetic polymer gels, the relationships among material selection, fabrication strategy, microstructure, and mechanical and functional properties in specific food systems are not well understood. Furthermore, as scientific research can often neglect practical applications, bridging the gap between theory and practice is a key factor for scaling up the production of innovative gel-based foods with improved characteristics and functionalities.

We invite you to submit your latest research findings or review articles to this Special Issue, which highlights current research exploring food gels (e.g., hydrogels, oleogels, aerogels, emulsion gels, bigels, etc.), with a focus on formulation design, fabrication protocols, structure–property relationships, and applications in the food industry. You can view the first edition at the following link: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/gels/special_issues/XYYQ8U372D.

Dr. Hao Cheng
Dr. Wanwen Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Gels is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • food gel
  • proteins
  • polysaccharides
  • lipids
  • formulation and structure design
  • structure–property relationship
  • gel-based foods

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 4858 KB  
Article
Effect of Ultrasound on the Microbial Flora and Physicochemical Parameters of Yogurt Added to Native Mexican Plants
by Luis M. Carrillo-López, Ismael Ortíz-Aguirre, América Chávez-Martínez, Luis F. Salomé-Abarca, Lorena Luna-Rodríguez, Juan M. Vargas-Romero and Ramón M. Soto-Hernández
Gels 2025, 11(11), 907; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11110907 - 13 Nov 2025
Viewed by 463
Abstract
There is a growing trend in food fortification to use natural products to improve quality during production and processing. We study the effect of high-intensity ultrasound (HIU), applied at different processing times to fresh raw cow’s milk supplemented with dried plant material (DPM), [...] Read more.
There is a growing trend in food fortification to use natural products to improve quality during production and processing. We study the effect of high-intensity ultrasound (HIU), applied at different processing times to fresh raw cow’s milk supplemented with dried plant material (DPM), on the gel fermentation kinetics and the physicochemical profile of yogurt during storage. The results showed a significant reduction in milk fermentation with the application of HIU after inoculation (INOC). The counts of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus increased with the use of HIU, producing a synergistic effect in the presence of DPM due to the phenolic acids and flavonoids present. Syneresis was reduced and the water holding capacity (WHC) significantly increased in gels obtained with milk to which DPM had been added and which was sonicated after INOC. This led to the formation of a denser and more homogeneous protein network that retained more serum during storage. The luminosity of gels produced with milk sonicated at 40 °C increased, improving their appearance. However, saturation was reduced, shifting the yellow color to a neutral hue. In gels produced with non-sonicated milk, the fat separated, forming a yellow upper layer. HIU applied after INOC in milk to which DPM had been added reduced the milk processing time, producing stable and better-quality yogurts during refrigerated storage. Full article
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17 pages, 1274 KB  
Article
Inulin-Stabilised Vegetable Oil Emulsions as Fat Replacers in Chicken Frankfurters: Technological and Textural Evaluation
by Tamara Stamenić, Sladjana Šobajić, Maja Petričević, Nikola Delić, Slobodan Dolašević, Slaviša Stajić and Nikola Stanišić
Gels 2025, 11(11), 863; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11110863 - 28 Oct 2025
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Abstract
This study investigated the complete replacement of pork backfat in frankfurters with inulin-based emulsion gels made from linseed, walnut or algal oil and structured in two ratios (1:2:0.5 and 1:2:1, oil–water–inulin). Proximate composition, water holding capacity, emulsion stability and colour were assessed after [...] Read more.
This study investigated the complete replacement of pork backfat in frankfurters with inulin-based emulsion gels made from linseed, walnut or algal oil and structured in two ratios (1:2:0.5 and 1:2:1, oil–water–inulin). Proximate composition, water holding capacity, emulsion stability and colour were assessed after production, while texture profile analysis (TPA) was monitored during 45 days of vacuum storage. The reformulated sausages showed a significant reduction in fat content (from 21.91% to 3.81%, p < 0.001) and increased water and carbohydrate levels (p < 0.001). These shifts in composition resulted in a slightly lower pH, higher cooking and purge losses and lower emulsion stability (p < 0.001), particularly when treated with algal oil. Colour measurements revealed lighter (higher L*, p = 0.008) and more yellowish sausages (p < 0.001), with walnut oil at a 1:2:0.5 emulsion ratio showing the least deviation from the control (ΔE = 7.45). The TPA showed that oil type was the dominant factor. Walnut formulations, especially in the 1:2:1 ratio, had hardness and chewiness values closest to those of the control, while algal sausages were softer and less cohesive (p < 0.05). PCA and heatmap analyses confirmed clustering by oil type and storage time, underlining the technological suitability of the walnut gels. Overall, inulin–oil gels enable nutritional reformulation but pose a technological challenge, with walnut oil proving to be the most promising substitute and algal oil requiring additional stabilisation. Full article
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