The Importance of Lichen Diversity in Forests

A special issue of Forests (ISSN 1999-4907). This special issue belongs to the section "Forest Biodiversity".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2025) | Viewed by 1779

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
Interests: biodiversity; lichenized fungi; forest management; epiphytic lichens; succession
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Monitoring the species diversity of lichens in forest ecosystems around the world is essential as lichens serve as bioindicators of air quality, climate change and ecosystem health. As organisms sensitive to small-scale environmental changes, they are effective tools for assessing environmental stress. Lichens contribute to nutrient cycling, are important for invertebrate communities and play a key role in assessing the biological conservation of forests. Their occurrence provides evidence of habitat continuity, forest age and management practices, and they are therefore indispensable as indicators of different ecosystems. Understanding lichen diversity helps us to identify vulnerable ecosystems, monitor biodiversity degradation and better implement sustainable forest management. With increasing anthropogenic pressures, deforestation and climate change, maintaining lichen diversity is essential for maintaining ecosystem resilience and stability. The global monitoring of lichens helps to predict environmental change and improve conservation options for forest ecosystems.

Potential topics may include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Monitoring forest ecosystem health through lichen species;
  • Lichens as indicators of old-growth forests and also as indicators of microhabitat stability;
  • Microhabitat diversity enhancing lichen biodiversity;
  • Lichens as habitat for invertebrates and microorganisms;
  • Effects of logging, deforestation and reforestation on lichen communities;
  • Strategies for conservation and habitat restoration;
  • Climate change impacts: rising temperatures and shifts in species composition of lichen communities;
  • Boreal, temperate and tropical forests: key differences in lichen species.

Dr. Josef P. Halda
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • lichen diversity
  • bioindicators
  • forest ecosystems
  • microhabitat stability
  • biodiversity
  • conservation
  • habitat restoration
  • climate change
  • logging
  • deforestation
  • reforestation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

24 pages, 3592 KB  
Review
Little Giants: Lichens in Tropical Dry Forests
by María Cristina Martínez-Habibe, Pierine Espana-Puccini and Ricardo Miranda-González
Forests 2025, 16(9), 1364; https://doi.org/10.3390/f16091364 - 22 Aug 2025
Viewed by 1298
Abstract
Lichens, complex symbiotic associations between fungi and photosynthetic partners, are widespread in terrestrial ecosystems but remain poorly studied in tropical dry forests (TDFs). This review synthesizes current knowledge on the diversity, ecological roles, adaptive traits, and ethnobotanical uses of lichens in TDFs, with [...] Read more.
Lichens, complex symbiotic associations between fungi and photosynthetic partners, are widespread in terrestrial ecosystems but remain poorly studied in tropical dry forests (TDFs). This review synthesizes current knowledge on the diversity, ecological roles, adaptive traits, and ethnobotanical uses of lichens in TDFs, with a focus on the Neotropics. As most lichens discussed here are crustose species that inhabit tree bark, this paper also provides a thoughtful review of the origin, distribution, and highly heterogeneous floristic composition of TDFs, which directly shape lichen habitats. It discusses how lichens have evolved to cope with seasonal water stress, emphasizing desiccation tolerance as a key feature of the symbiosis. This review also explores lichen community composition, interactions with host trees, microclimatic conditions, herbivory, and soil crust formation. Despite evidence of high species richness, functional diversity, and ecological importance, lichens in TDFs are largely overlooked in conservation strategies. Moreover, several regions remain vastly understudied, and many species likely remain undescribed. Ethnolichenological practices, though scarce, underscore the cultural and medicinal value of these organisms. Given the high rates of habitat loss and endemism in TDFs, there is a pressing need to expand research on lichen diversity and to investigate the evolutionary origins of their survival strategies. The conservation of these lichens is inseparable from the conservation of TDFs themselves. Understanding how lichens adapt to the harsh and variable conditions of TDFs is essential for integrating them into biodiversity conservation and ecosystem restoration frameworks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Importance of Lichen Diversity in Forests)
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